Development and Prospect of animal husbandry machinery in China

Introduction: first, there are problems With the development of the scale of animal husbandry industrialization, the continuous improvement of the degree of marketization and the continuous change of the relationship between market supply and demand, the problems faced by the development of animal husbandry are much more complex than before, and the development task is more arduous The main problems of animal husbandry machinery in China are as follows: 1 It is an urgent task for China to stop grassland degradation, restore grassland vegetation, improve grassland production level, improve ecological environment, and implement the sustainable development strategy of grassland animal husbandry As the state and local government attach great importance to the development of animal husbandry in pastoral areas, and advocate the development of herbivorous animal husbandry and grain saving animal husbandry, the grassland construction develops rapidly, the conversion of farmland to grass is implemented, and the demand for grassland construction machinery and grass harvesting machinery increases However, at present, the technical content of grassland construction machinery and forage harvesting machinery in China is relatively low, and the grass seed processing equipment is backward Generally, the grass seeds can only reach and approach the three levels stipulated by the national standards, and the system outflow is often lower than the three levels The technology of air separation and screening precision, awning removal performance, grass seed specific gravity separation, coating and pelletization is far behind the requirements of foreign countries The sub surface subsoiling grassland improvement machine and tool is the necessary machine and tool for grassland construction and improvement It is also an urgent development and promotion machine and tool for grassland maintenance and improvement In recent years, it has been developed successively in China The reliability of forage harvesting and processing machinery is poor, and the cost has not been reduced to the lowest point, which can not meet the needs of users Especially after returning farmland to grass, a large number of high-quality forage and alfalfa are planted, and the urgently needed mowing and conditioning equipment, rapid drying and dehydration equipment, picking and pressing square bales, and pressing round bales are still not up to standard in domestic production quality For example, the key technologies such as knotters of picking square balers are backward, which restricts the use of grass machinery 2 Feed processing machinery some of the feed technology and equipment in China have reached the advanced level of 90 years' supply in foreign countries Modern technologies such as enzyme preparation and microbial fermentation feed have been gradually tried and popularized At present, China has initially established a relatively perfect modern feed industry system, including feed production and development system, feed market and trade system, management support system, scientific research, education and promotion system, which has laid the foundation for sustainable development of feed industry The development of feed industry has greatly promoted the progress of feed processing machinery However, we should also clearly see some deficiencies in the development process of feed machinery in China: (1) some urgently needed feed processing machinery are in short supply, which is difficult to meet the demand For example, the stable performance, simple operation, low power consumption, simple and flexible processing equipment suitable for farmers; the high-efficiency and fully automatic processing equipment required by large-scale feed processing plants; the large, medium and small-scale mature feed equipment suitable for self use in large-scale farms or professional feed plants; and the solution of various heat sensitive trace in the process of feed heat processing The problems of the loss of far element and microorganism, the technical problems of adding imprecise elements before quenching, tempering, and extrusion, and the post spraying facilities for liquid and regenerated elements, the production equipment for enzyme preparation and microorganism fermented feed, and the expansion granulation facilities for aquatic feed with stable performance and moderate price, etc (2) The overall technical level of feed processing machinery is low The first is poor reliability and short service life The second is that there are many small and medium-sized feed processing machinery manufacturers in China, with low level of seriation, generalization and standardization, few professional factories and disorderly models, while developed countries have good after-sales service, high level of standardization and generalization of parts and components The third is the poor quality of mechanical appearance and surface protection When many products arrive at the destination, the paint peels off and the rust spots This is a major problem for domestic equipment The fourth is the lack of high-tech application, the low feedback control level of the automatic monitoring ability of mechanical operation and work quality, and the poor use convenience and comfort (3) The innovation ability is weak, and the development and research speed of new products are slow Throughout the domestic feed machinery, due to the small profits and funds of enterprises and research units, the development, development and innovation of new technology and new equipment are slow, which can not meet the needs of market development (4) The intensity of inspection and inspection is insufficient, the production units are disorderly, and many manufacturers without production conditions substitute materials, which lowers the price and reduces the quality The feed products are generally unqualified, especially the feed conversion rate of small feed producers is low, the waste is serious, the abuse of additives is serious, resulting in unsafe factors (5) There are hidden dangers in feed safety Feed safety is not only related to the vital interests of breeders, but also closely related to the health of the people It is necessary to strengthen the management of feed safety, establish and improve the feed monitoring system, formulate and improve feed standards and testing methods, strengthen the investigation and punishment of illegal drugs used in feed, and ensure feed safety 2 Livestock and poultry feed machinery (1) the mechanical house feeding density of poultry is low and the floor area is large The mechanization level of stacked cage should be increased to solve the difficulties of automatic feeding, automatic drinking water and automatic defecation Increase the promotion of environmental control equipment in the house, improve feed conversion rate, reduce feed to meat ratio and feed to egg ratio, save grain and improve feed efficiency The mechanical manufacturing equipment of cage card is deficient, and the corrosion resistance and appearance quality of the products cannot be guaranteed (2) In the intensive pig farm, the mechanization of the complete set of equipment is general, the lack of computer integrated management system, fat measurement, pregnancy measurement, automatic feeding equipment for sows, the number of litter, the rate of slaughter is low, and the mortality is high (3) The computer integrated management system is blank in good cattle farm equipment, and the application of feed agitator, silage tower, loading and unloading equipment, and automatic feeding equipment is very few 3, Animal products collection and processing machinery Lack of computer integrated management system, passive response and automatic identification system of dairy cows, full open dairy table, pulse meter and automatic nipple shedding system, poor performance and stability of high temperature instantaneous sterilizer in the production area, lack of fresh milk sterilization and preservation facilities for individual and small dairy farmers in China, pulse meter and milk in milking machine The manufacturing accuracy and material of the automatic head falling off system are not qualified The collection and processing of egg products are backward At present, China's farms generally use artificial egg picking and packing Basically, there are no facilities for egg collection, sorting, inspection, cleaning, disinfection, grading, coating and coding, resulting in fresh eggs are not fresh, good and bad, and egg products are difficult to enter the international market 4, The intensive degree of animal husbandry is not high In order to adapt to the world trend of letter paper production of animal husbandry, a large number of large-scale and intensive farms emerged in China in the 1980s with the "vegetable basket project" Since the 1990s, these farms have met strong competition from thousands of rural families, and highly scattered rural family farming has become the main body of animal husbandry production in China The reasons for the low intensive level of animal husbandry in China are: first, the cost of large-scale farms is much higher than that of rural farmers; second, the quality standard of animal products is very imperfect The main standard for consumers to buy meat, egg and milk products is the price, followed by some intuitive quality conditions In the absence of quality standards, continuous cost reduction is the only way for enterprises to survive Producers no longer seek to produce high-quality products at economic cost, which makes the large-scale farms with standard production as the core lose their main competitive advantage However, although the rural family breeding industry has occupied the domestic market, due to its low quality, China's livestock products are completely lack of international market competitiveness With China's accession to the WTO and the integration of domestic and international markets, the quality of livestock products has attracted the full attention of consumers and producers, especially the safety of livestock products to human health and the pollution of livestock production to the environment In order to solve these problems, it is imperative to standardize animal husbandry production links such as feed, feeding, slaughtering, processing, packaging and marketing Therefore, the current problem of China's animal husbandry development lies in how to guide the majority of rural household farmers to enter the intensive production mode, which is the key to the sustainable development of China's animal husbandry in the 21st century Therefore, it is very urgent to learn from foreign advanced technology and equipment, develop all domestic animal husbandry machinery and related technology, and completely change the current backward situation 2、 Direction: the development of animal husbandry machinery in China has developed from scratch, from a single variety to suitable for all kinds of product processing equipment Feed processing, forage processing, forage planting, grassland improvement, breeding machines and testing equipment have formed a complete set of equipment The rapid development of animal husbandry machinery provides a powerful mechanical guarantee for the development of animal husbandry in China The development direction of animal husbandry machinery in the future mainly considers the following aspects: the growing demand for small-scale animal husbandry equipment under the guidance of the party's policy, small-scale, family farming and small-scale ecological industry are booming in rural areas The development of small livestock farm and ecological agriculture needs to be equipped with complete relevant equipment The transition from traditional animal husbandry to modern animal husbandry requires more and more automation and mechanization of animal husbandry equipment Finally, the animal husbandry will develop towards high yield, high quality and high efficiency Therefore, the small animal husbandry equipment which is convenient for family and small-scale operation, with comprehensive functions and relatively cheap price is urgently needed by the majority of farmers Feed processing machinery development trend (1) machinery and equipment tend to large-scale development At present, due to the development of feed processing enterprises in the direction of group and large-scale, large-scale feed processing equipment will be developed, and the degree of mechanization and self movement will be further improved Feed machinery manufacturing enterprises are also developing towards collectivization and scale In addition to the construction of new production workshops, it is also one of the feasible plans to transform the old feed production line and increase the output of a single shift (2) Heat treatment processing technology is the development trend of feed processing From the current development of feed industry, the technology of ripening, represented by expansion / expansion, is gradually becoming a new development trend Expansion / expansion can improve the health and safety of the product, passivate the anti nutrition factors in the feed, enhance the palatability of the feed, improve the feeding capacity of the feed, improve the feed utilization rate, and reduce the disease and epidemic prevention of the animal population Abroad, ripening technology has begun to be popularized in feed processing industry, bringing revolutionary changes to pet feed, aquatic feed, early weaned piglet feed, ruminant supplementary protein production and feed resource development The application of expansion / expansion technology in feed industry in China is still in its infancy, but with the in-depth study of related technology and equipment, more and more people pay attention to it, and it has become the most potential feed processing technology (3) Spray technology of liquid rest is an important measure to improve feed quality Because more and more hot processing equipments are used in feed factory, such as puffer, expander, pelletizer or other types of emphasis quality equipments and high temperature short-time processing equipments, feed is strongly affected by temperature, pressure and water in the process of pelletizing, extrusion and expansion, which will destroy most of the functions of sensitive nutrients such as vitamins, enzyme preparations and other additives And post spraying