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Demon Dictionary: inflammation, hyperplasia, cancer, invasion, metastasis...

 Last Update: 2023-02-02
 Source: Internet
 Author: User

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epithelial cell cancer

als disease cause

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The occurrence of carcinogenesis is the result of the interaction between internal factors and external environmental factors, and we have a deep understanding
of the characteristics of different cancerous stages.
Early detection of precancerous lesions can greatly improve the chance of treatment and reduce the mortality and economic burden
of cancer.
Transformation from normal cells to cancer cells requires a long-term process, usually from precancerous lesions to malignancy
.
Inflammation: Inflammation is a defensive response of the body to stimuli, often called "inflammation", manifested as redness, swelling,
Heat, pain, dysfunction
.
Inflammation is the defense response
of living tissues with vascular systems to damaging factors.

The most common causes of inflammation are bacteria, viruses, parasites, radioactive substances, ultraviolet rays, etc.
, as well as mechanical damage, exogenous chemicals, foreign bodies in the human body, etc
.
In the inflammatory process, vascular response is the core link, and its pathological basis changes are generally local tissue degeneration, exudation and hyperplasia
.
Common deterioration phenomena of parenchymal cells include: cell edema, steatosis, coagulation or liquefaction necrosis, etc.
; Intravascular fluid in local tissues; Proteins and blood cells exude through the vascular wall to the interstitium, rest space, body surface or mucosal surface; Inflammatory factors, inflammatory local macrophages, endothelial cells, fibroblasts can proliferate
under certain tissue disintegration or certain physical and chemical factors.

Chronic inflammation

Hyperplasiai
: That is, regeneration or regeneration refers to the proliferation of the same cell to repair defects
.
Inflammation, regeneration, compensation, etc.
can lead to tissue cell regeneration, essentially to repair the defect, not to absorb necrotic substances or eliminate inflammatory factors
.
Regenerative cells are identical
to defective parenchymal cells.

Lymphocyte regeneration is of great significance
for the occurrence of leukemia and angiogenesis for the growth, metastasis and even prognosis of malignant solid tumors.
Newborns can occur in the squamous or glandular epithelium
of the skin or mucous membranes.
Abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells is manifested as different sizes, diverse morphology, large nuclear staining, increased nucleoplasmic ratio, and increased nuclear division, but most of them are normal nuclear division images
.
The cell arrangement is chaotic, the cell level increases, and it disappears extremely much, but there is generally no pathological nuclear division; The intermediate station of cell proliferation from benign change to malignant change is the key
from quantitative change to qualitative change.
Therefore, atypical hyperplasia is called a precancerous lesion
.

Endometrial hyperplasia

Neoplasia: A massive lumpy protrusion, also called neoplasm, is a manifestation of the proliferation of local tissue cells in the body
。 Polyps, commonly known as polyps, are protruding vegetations on the mucosal surface, including hyperplastic, inflammatory, hamartoma, adenoma, and other tumors
.

Clinically, polyps manifest mainly as adenomatous polyps and certain gastrointestinal polyp syndromes, and although these lesions are benign, some of them are malignant
.
In the macrophages of the mucosal propria of the gallbladder, mucosal epithelium hyperplasia, increase Roman-Sinus, thickening of the muscular layer can also form polyps
.
Inflammatory stimulation can granuloma, non-inflammatory adenomatous hyperplasia, local changes in the mucosal epithelium, myofibrous hyperplasia, localized adenomyoma, adenoma, etc.
are all single pedunculated polyps, and the shape of the adenoma can be papillary or non-papillary
.

Metaplasia Metaplasia: Metaplasia, also known as "precancerous lesions", refers to The process of transforming one differentiated tissue into another differentiated tissue is not directly transformed from differentiated cells into another cell, but by undifferentiated cells with the ability to divide in the other direction, and generally can only be transformed into cells
of similar nature.

Common metaplasias include epithelial metaplasia, bone and cartilage metaplasia, serosal metaplasia, adiposia, and bone marrow metaplasia
.
Metaplasia is an adaptive manifestation of local tissues in pathological situations that may be beneficial
to the human body to a certain extent.
The metaplasia of the squamous epithelium strengthens the resistance of the mucosa, allowing the mucosa to survive
under adverse conditions.
However, when the bronchial columnar epithelium metaplasia occurs, cilia are lost, weakening the defense function of the respiratory tract and making it susceptible to infection
.
Sometimes, metaplastic cells can develop malignant tumors
.
For example, metaplasia squamous epithelium, sometimes fails to differentiate and mature, resulting in atypical hyperplasia, which can then undergo malignant changes and infiltrate into squamous cell carcinoma
.
Intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa may be closely related
to the development of gastric cancer.
Carcinogenesis of cervical squamous metaplasia
Carcinogenesis
The occurrence of cancer at the cell level is a very accidental event, and genetic cancer is evolved from a cell, and a cell loses its proliferation control
.

In addition to losing control, tumor cell growth can also invade surrounding normal tissues locally, and even metastasize to other parts of the body, without limit, can proliferate
for a long time.
The genome, morphological structure and cell surface of tumor cells are changed, glycoproteins and other substances on the cell membrane are reduced, the adhesion between cells is reduced, and cancer cells are easy to disperse and metastasize
in the organism.

Malignant tumors of mesenchymal tissue, called "sarcomas", occur more often in the skin, subcutaneous, periosteum, and both ends of the long bone, and are more common in young people
.
Dysmorphic cells that occupy the full thickness but do not break through the basement membrane are called carcinoma in situ or intraepithelial carcinoma, which is more common in the elderly
.
Leukemia, also known as blood cancer, is a malignant proliferative lesion of hematopoietic stem cells, in which leukemia cells lose their ability to differentiate and mature, and stagnate
at different stages of cell development.
Liposarcoma
six invasion (infiltration) invasion (infiltration): invasion of abnormal cells or the appearance of organism cells that should not normally appear, and the phenomenon
of the spread of diseased tissue to the periphery.
An abnormal substance or primordial substance accumulates in the cell or interstitium and is called infiltration
.
During treatment, infiltrates may occur, and any infiltrates other than drug infiltration and various inflammatory cell infiltrates within the inflammatory focus can cause harm to the body, and the degree of damage depends on the nature and extent of the infiltrate and the function of
the affected organ.
Malignant cells can infiltrate surrounding normal tissues and are not normally distributed in quality and quantity, that is, tumor cell infiltration, which is a series of characteristics of tumor cells, such as adhesions, enzyme degradation, movement, intramatrial proliferation, etc
.
Eugen Ehrlich cancer invasion
seven metastasis (Metastasis) metastasis: malignant cells through lymphatic tracts, blood vessels, Continuing to grow from the primary site, such as body cavities, is called metastasis
.

Benign tumors do not metastasize and are highly malignant
.
The metastasis routes are: direct spread, lymphatic metastasis, hematogenous metastasis, and implant metastasis
.
Hematogenous metastases occur after lymph containing cancer cells enters the bloodstream, or when tumor cells directly invade small blood vessels
.
Tumor cells enter the bloodstream in the form of single cells or fibrous masses, which flow
through the bloodstream.
Tumor cells generally cannot survive after entering the blood circulation, but when cancer cells have a chance to survive, it will invade the tube wall, enter the interstitium around the blood vessels, develop metastases, squeeze, and local surgery can increase the chance of
metastasis.

The liver, lungs, bone marrow, brain, and adrenal glands are the most common sites of metastasis, while the spleen, muscles, etc.
are less
commonly metastasized.
Usually, hematogenous metastases occur in the late stages of the disease, but they occur early in diseases such as lung, breast, kidney, brain, prostate, and thyroid cancer
.
The main metastasis sites are lungs, liver, bone, brain, etc
.
Metastatic cancer is not necessarily advanced in the stage of cancer, and metastasis
can occur in the early stages of some cancers.
It is clear that metastasis of malignant tumors increases damage to the body and affects the outcome
.

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