Decrypting ASD Haptic Overreaction Mechanism isoguvacine brings healing dawn

However, in addition to single love, there are some reasons to prevent us from communicating love with touchLike diseaseeven a fingertip touch, even a hug from their parents, for them, the perception of unbearable stimulationAs a result, they will be touched to avoid, scream and get out of controlThey are called children from the stars, and are medically known as autism spectrum disorders (ASD)estimates that there are more than 10 million people with autism in China, including more than 2 million children over the age of 14autism spectrum disorder, also known as autism, is a complex developmental disorder, and past studies have found many related genetic mutationsThe main clinical symptoms of ASD include lack of social skills, lack of communication skills, repetitive behavior, and narrow interest rangeMany, but not all, patients have abnormal reactions to sensory stimuli, such as being particularly afraid or obsessed with a sound, graphic, or having a strong reaction to skin touches from infancyunbearable touch is one of the many confusing symptoms of autism, there is no cure, and the reasons behind it remain a mysteryRecently, a team of scientists at Harvard Medical School tried to solve the mysteryIn a paper published in the leading academic journal Cell, they not only found mechanisms at the molecular level that cause ASD tactile over-reactions, but also pointed to a possible treatmentLead author Professor Lauren Orefice said: "This approach offers a promising possibility for treating the specific symptoms of autismtactile perception is to rely on haptic neurons to transmit signals from the skin through the spinal cord to the brainDr Orefice and her colleagues have found in the past that when two genes associated with autism, Mecp2 or Gabrb3, occur with copy number variation, the neurons in the mouse nervous system responsible for perceiving light touch are overactivethey observed that there were very few receptors receiving the neurotransmitter GABA signal on the haptic neurons in the mutant mice, which is a chemical messenger that inhibits neuronal activitySo even if the gentlest wind blows through the fur, the mice will overreactAt the same time, they were anxious and did not like to interact with other peers as much as the control groupIn the new study,asD model mice with the Mecp2 mutation were over-reacting to light touches (Photo: Source: Supplied)in the new study, scientists looked at another genetic variant significantly associated with autism, the Shank3 geneIn mice with a lack of shank3 in peripheral nerves, they again observed characteristics such as tactile over-reaction, anxiety, and social disorderBut this time it's because these neurons become more excited"Although these are three completely different genes that function, locate, and express, their mutations all contribute to the increased signal flow from the outer perimeter to the center." DrOrefice explainedresearchers further examined the brains of mice and found significant changes in neural loops that regulate and process haptic signals in the autistic mouse models with different genetic mutationsIn other words, sensory problems are not "superficial" but lead to changes in brain developmentperipheral sensory neurons abnormally alter the development and animal behavior of tactile-related brain regions (Photo: Source: Supplied)So, is it possible to reduce the signals from sensory neurons to the brain, and to improve tactile responses in animals and even alleviate other autism symptoms?following this line, the team began looking for drugs that could reduce abnormal activity in haptic neurons, such as those that improve GABA suppression signalsHowever, the gabA-regulating drugs currently available often pass through the blood-brain barrier, which affects the central nervous system, leading to sedation and may also affect cognitionTo avoid potential safety problems, the ideal drug needs to be precisely located in the peripheral nerves without affecting the braina compound used in scientific experiments since the 1970s has entered the researchers' eye The compound, called isoguvacine, mimics GABA, and its structural characteristics determine that it does not pass through the blood-brain barrier and is in line with the requirements of the researchers! the animal's sensitivity to touch became normal after injecting a dose of the preclinical drug into a 6-week-old ASD model mouse in asd-model mice with six different molecular mechanisms, isoguvacine played a surprising role in mitigating over-reactions (Photo: Source: 1) and applying the compound in consecutive low doses after birth in mice Along with the relief of the touch response, anxiety symptoms in some ASD mice eased, physical quality improved, and symptoms of social difficulties improved "We believe that our findings provide the basis for the development of a new class of drugs that not only treat sensory overreactions, but also treat other core behaviors that occur in autism spectrum disorders," said study leader Professor David Ginty, a neurobiologist at Harvard Medical School who led the study researchers hope to further confirm that these specific compounds acting on peripheral nerves can also be safe and effective in the human body, with a view to one day being used in human patients We look forward to the results of the next study so that children from the stars will no longer be alone References: 1, Lauren Orefice et al., (2019) Targeting Peripheral Somatosensory Neurons to Improve Tactile-Related Phenotype in ASD Models Cell DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.024 Cell DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.033 Cell DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.022 Retrieved Aug 14, 2019, from https://hms.harvard.edu/news/decoding-touch Retrieved Aug 14, 2019, from https:// original title: "Cells": Demystifying the Unbearable Touch escudin in Life, So Kids From the Stars Are No Longer Lonely