Dandelion

"Small paratroopers fly with the wind, flying east to west, landing on the roadside fields, settling down and laying a foundation." This popular riddle is about dandelion There is also a beautiful legend about the origin of dandelion: Once upon a time, there lived an official surnamed Pu on the Bank of the Yellow River Pu Yuanwai has only one daughter under her knee, named Gongying She is beautiful and kind She is close to cui'er, the maid One year, Gong Ying suddenly had a high fever and went to seek medical treatment everywhere, but it still didn't work Until he died, Gong Ying shyly told Cui Er that the cause of the disease was due to breast swelling and pain, which was originally caused by breast carbuncle After the death of the young lady, cui'er was deeply in love with her master and servant She often went to the grave to offer sacrifices In the spring of next year, she accidentally found that a piece of wild grass had been born on Miss's grave The golden petals were like the beautiful smile of Gongying After autumn, the seeds of weeds fall with the wind and spread the earth In the following year, the central plains were in a severe drought, and all kinds of grass withered, but this kind of wild grass dyed the wasteland green In this year, cui'er also suffered from breast carbuncle She fainted in front of the grave when she was mourning for the young lady In the hazy, she heard a familiar voice: "the grass on the grave head is extraordinary; it can cure both breast disease and famine." Cui'er woke up surprised and doubted, wondering if it was the young lady who was enlightening herself? She tried to pick some weeds and eat them at home Later, cui'er cured many patients with breast carbuncle with this kind of grass People associated its origin with the efficacy of the grass and thought it was the incarnation of the beautiful and kind-hearted Miss Gongying, so they called it "Dandelion" Generally, we call the plants of the genus dandelion in Compositae together as dandelion, which is also called pugongcao, huanghuadiding, huanghuaerqi and Grandma Ding, all of which belong to more than 2000 species Dandelion originated in Europe, mainly in the temperate to subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere, a few in tropical South America There are about 70 species and 1 variety in China At least 27 species of dandelion originated from this genus, which is rich in resources and widely distributed in Northeast, north, northwest, central and southwest provinces Dandelion has a long flowering period, strong adaptability to the environment, and its seeds are easy to drift in the wind It is an important pollen plant Dandelion, as a traditional Chinese medicine, was first published in "new Materia Medica" in Tang Dynasty It is recorded in ancient prescriptions that dandelion is "the key medicine to relieve heat and cool blood" and "it has great merit for its lowliness" According to traditional Chinese medicine, dandelion has the functions of clearing away heat, detoxifying, detumescence, removing stasis, removing dampness and yellowing It can be used in combination with honeysuckle, wild chrysanthemum, etc to treat carbuncle and phlegm; it can be used in combination with Houttuynia, reed root, wax gourd kernel, etc.; it can be used in combination with Yinchen, etc to treat damp heat jaundice; it can be used in combination with Lysimachia, Baicao root, etc to treat pee and drenchy pain Can treat mastitis It has been proved by modern medical research that dandelion has strong bactericidal, antiviral, cholagogic, diuretic and stomach strengthening effects Therefore, dandelion has become an indispensable prescription in this anti SARS decoction Chemical constituents of dandelion there are many kinds of components in the same genus of dandelion It mainly includes: carotenoids, triterpenoids, sterols, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, volatile oil, coumarins, phenolic acids, fatty acids, choline, fructose, vitamins, proteins, minerals, etc Ten carotenes, eight triterpenoids, seven sterols, 20 flavonoids, four sesquiterpenoids, coumarins, phenolic acids and a variety of fatty acids were isolated from dandelion In addition, 66 kinds of microelements were detected in dandelion, 12 of which are high in content, including copper, zinc, iron, manganese, molybdenum, sulfur and other essential microelements; dandelion also contains a lot of sodium, potassium, calcium, vitamin C, vitamin Bi, vitamin B2 and so on The functions of dandelion 1 The dandelion has a strong bactericidal effect on Staphylococcus aureus and hemolytic streptococcus, and a certain bactericidal effect on Diplococcus pneumoniae, meningococcus, diphtheria bacteria, concentrated green bacteria, proteus bacteria, dysentery bacteria, typhoid bacteria, Catacoccus, etc At a certain concentration, the extract can inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis, kill Leptospira, and inhibit most skin fungi 2 The dosage of dandelion injection or dandelion ethanol extract through duodenum can increase the amount of bile in anesthetized rats by more than 40% The results of repeated tests after cholecystectomy are the same, which shows that it is due to the self-priming effect on the liver Recent studies have shown that dandelion has a protective effect on acute liver injury in rats Dandelion can antagonize lysosomal and mitochondrial damage caused by endotoxin, and relieve the toxic effect caused by endotoxin released by antibiotics Adding endotoxin into dandelion extract, the activity of endotoxin was decreased after interaction, and its reduction ratio was 9.3, so it can protect liver 3 The anti gastric injury effect of dandelion or dangshen, chuanxiong and dandelion compound decoction can obviously reduce the stress-induced gastric drilling membrane injury of human and mice, make the ulcer incidence and ulcer index significantly reduced, and the anti ulcer effect of the compound prescription is stronger It has protective effects on gastric ulcer models induced by stress, pylorus ligation and anhydrous ethanol Its anti gastric ulcer and anti gastric mucosal damage may be related to the content of endogenous PGE2 in gastric tissue Dandelion can inhibit the gastric acid secretion of conscious rats Anesthetized rats were perfused with pH4 hydrochloric acid normal saline Dandelion can obviously inhibit the gastric acid secretion induced by histamine, pentagastrin and carbachol 4 The anti-tumor effect of dandelion hot water extract has a certain anti mutation effect, and has a certain relationship with the administration time, which can be safely used in clinical tumor treatment Raji cells from lymphoma patients were used as indicator cells, and the inhibition effect of tPA induced EBV EA (EBV dry phase antigen) was used as index for primary screening The results showed that the triterpenoids of dandelion root, taraxaitol and taraxacum seedling alcohol had significant inhibitory effect The antitumor effect of these compounds was studied in vivo Tm-ba was used as the initiator and tPA as the promoter The results showed that the triterpenoids contained in dandelion root had significant antitumor effect on the skin carcinogenesis of mice 5 The immunoregulatory effect of dandelion can improve the cellular and nonspecific immune function of mice, and it can obviously recover and protect the immune function of mice caused by cyclophosphamide Dandelion can enhance the immune function of animals In addition to rich vitamins and microelements, it is not clear whether dandelion has specific regulatory mechanism 6 The antioxidant free radical effect of the total flavonoids of dandelion extract has the similar antioxidant free radical effect These substances can effectively eliminate superoxide anion free radical and light free radical, and inhibit the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid In addition, dandelion extract has a strong inhibitory effect on tyraminase activity, which can reduce the formation of melanin and pigmentation In addition, dandelion has an effect on female steroids Dandelion Decoction with dandelion as the main drug can significantly increase the content of estradiol and progesterone in brain tissue of mice after ovariectomy, and has the trend of increasing the content of estradiol in serum, but has no effect on the content of progesterone in serum Dandelion decoction can improve cholesterol, and increase the role of estrogen, so it will have an impact on ovarian function Dandelion can regulate the endocrine function of women, has the function of promoting milk, and can also be used for breast swelling caused by poor lactation Dandelion decoction can improve the tension and contractility of eleven finger intestine in vitro Dandelion preparation stimulated isolated frog heart at low concentration, but inhibited it at high concentration It is also believed that it has diuretic effect, especially on portal edema It may be due to the large amount of potassium in the plant, the extract of medicinal dandelion has contractive effect on the in vitro arterial rheology, while the high concentration relaxes the blood vessels At present, the mechanism of Dandelion's action on the cardiovascular system is not clear Dandelion has broad-spectrum bacteriostatic effect and can be used in clinic instead of some antibiotics Among them, chlorogenic acid is the main antibacterial component, flavonoids can clear the antioxidant effect of superoxide anion, and the anti-tumor active component is worthy of further study Dandelion has been developed as an additive of beverage, candy, pastry and other foods in Japan and Germany Dandelion is widely distributed and rich in resources in China To strengthen the research of dandelion activity will have a great impact on the development and utilization of dandelion and have a broad economic prospect.