Current situation and strategy of foreign trade of beef and mutton in China

Introduction: China is a big producer of cattle and sheep, with the output accounting for the third and first place in the world However, due to the large population in China, from the per capita share, the processing of beef and mutton together is only 5.9 kg, far below the world average In terms of the export trade of beef and mutton, it is only about 50000 tons Facing China's accession to the WTO, can China, a big cattle and sheep producer, make a difference in opening up domestic and foreign trade? Now, we will mainly introduce the situation and make some comments and suggestions 1 The import and export of beef and mutton in China in 1998 was 15277 tons of beef, 2600 tons of which were imported from Australia, followed by the United States, New Zealand and other countries; 10846 tons of cattle offal were imported, mainly 7000 tons from the United States, followed by Australia, New Zealand and other places 44537 tons of beef are exported, including 2700 tons for Russia, 8000 tons for port, 4000 tons for Palestine, and nearly 2000 tons for Israel; cattle offal is mainly supplied to Hong Kong and Taiwan, less than 2000 tons In 1998, China imported 9194 tons of mutton from New Zealand, accounting for 8988 tons China imported 971 tons of sheep offal from Australia, Mongolia and other places The export of mutton is 2836 tons, mainly for Hong Kong and Macao (85%), followed by Malaysia, Israel and the United Arab Emirates; the export of sheep offal is 484 tons, mainly for Japan In 1998, the average price of beef for export was US $1418 per ton, and the average import price was US $1272; the average price of beef offal for export was US $1030, and the import price was basically the same Export of mutton offal is 3181 US dollars per ton, export to Japan is up to 4012 US dollars (fine processing products), import and export is 1081 US dollars per ton, and import of primary products from Mongolia is only 588 US dollars per ton 2 Overview of the world's major cattle and sheep producing countries and their import and export In 1998, the world output of beef was 569.48 million tons ('98 was basically the same), of which the top 10 were 11.56 million tons in the United States, 5.15 million tons in Brazil, 4.5 million tons in China, 2.781 million tons in India, 2.55 million tons in Argentina, 2.34 million tons in Russia, 1.813 million tons in Australia, 54000 tons in Germany, 1.44 million tons in France and 1.34 million tons in Mexico In 1998, the world output of beef was 11.151 million tons, including 2.3 million tons in China, 661000 tons in India, 591000 tons in Australia, 526000 tons in New Zealand, 35000 tons in Britain, 224000 tons in Spain, 222000 tons in Russia, 161000 tons in France, 115000 tons in the United States and 114000 tons in Brazil According to the statistics of the world food and Agriculture Organization, "98 beef is imported and exported by the United States of America in 1198000 tons, exported in 984000 tons, EU in 388000 tons and exported in 769000 tons, Canada in 236000 tons and exported in 411000 tons The countries with more imports are 881000 tons in Japan, 287000 tons in Russia, 190000 tons in Mexico, 140000 tons in Egypt and 78000 tons in South Korea The countries with high export volume are 884000 tons in Australia, 354000 tons in New Zealand, 129000 tons in Brazil and 79000 tons in Argentina The import and export trade volume of mutton is relatively small We have not collected information 3 Problems in the current export trade of beef and mutton in China Judging from the current situation of production and marketing of beef and mutton in China and the international market, in quite a long time, China's beef and mutton can only stand on its own market, with little potential for export However, we have done a good job in eliminating the obstacles affecting the export and further reducing the feeding cost It is possible to use about 1 / 10 of the total output of beef and mutton for export after several years of efforts 1 The main reasons affecting the export of beef and mutton in China are as follows: first, epidemic prevention Some epidemic diseases occur from time to time, and it is difficult to break the roots, which causes the European Union and other countries to turn away the beef and mutton of our country, and Japan, South Korea and other countries have similar situations In addition, Russia has reduced the amount of beef and mutton imported from China as a result of receiving food aid from the United States Secondly, the residues of pesticides, veterinary drugs, hormones and heavy metal elements in beef and mutton sometimes exceed the standard, which pollutes the quality of meat This kind of situation is more common in fattening cattle in agricultural areas Thirdly, in terms of slaughtering, processing and environmental protection requirements, the state has not yet promulgated new meat hygiene inspection regulations and relevant technical standards that are in line with international standards There are no specific requirements for the establishment of cattle and sheep slaughterhouses, especially for environmental protection At present, the gap between China and advanced countries is not small Many enterprises have not passed the IS09000 quality certification and HACCP hazard analysis key point control, and the quality and safety of products are not guaranteed, affecting the export In the above problems, the construction of the project of establishing the non regulated animal epidemic area in the agricultural sector has started; the project of non polluted organic meat has also begun; but it is a complex system project, which is difficult to achieve results in a short period of time At the same time, there are no strict laws and regulations on the establishment of cattle and sheep slaughterhouses, the inspection procedures of livestock and poultry slaughtering links and the harmless treatment of products If these problems are not solved as soon as possible, the export of beef and mutton will not be expanded 2 The disordered competition in meat export is serious At present, in order to compete for business, some enterprises in meat export have adopted competition to reduce prices, kill each other, engage in "fighting inside the house" and make foreign businessmen gain profits while making their own losses For example, this problem will soon exist in the export of frozen chicken from Japan China Chamber of Commerce for import and export of local food and livestock, which coordinates the export prices of various enterprises, has little effect Some enterprises still go their own way In recent years, the price of our country's export of high-grade carpets has dropped by half; the price of exported cashmere sweaters has dropped from '96 to' 99 by an average of 43 US dollars per piece, while the average price of American cashmere sweaters is 100 US dollars per piece, and its cashmere is imported from our country It is suggested that the state authorities should regulate the disordered competition of low price dumping, coordinate their actions, unite with the foreign countries and punish the enterprises that violate the discipline according to law IV China's foreign trade strategy for beef and mutton Beef and mutton is the focus of China's animal husbandry development, the pillar industry of the pastoral areas, and the new economic growth point of meat foreign trade in the future In the international market, the price of cattle and sheep in China has certain advantages Today, the average price of beef market in the European Union in late May is 296.617 euros per 100 kg (1 US dollar = 1.05 euros, which changes frequently), and 366.6 euros per 100 kg of mutton China's beef and mutton export, excluding tariffs and various costs, can still make some profits In the specific import and export business, we can make full use of the differences in consumption habits and the advantages of price differences in varieties No matter what kind of beef, cattle, yak and buffalo, or sheep meat, goat meat, and no matter what kind of specification, which export value is, which kind of meat will be exported; which part of the raw meat (cold meat, frozen meat) of the segment is, which part is more expensive, which part will be exported The key point is to carry out fine processing and deep processing, improve the added value of the products, and make more segmented products or convenience foods (such as instant boiled mutton slices, roast beef strips, roast mutton kebabs, etc.), which can be eaten by restaurants or consumers only by microwave heating, because the selling price of these products is more than 2-3 times higher than that of raw meat Among the processed products, there are not only Western-style products (beef ham, beef sausage, Australian barbecue, etc.), but also famous and special products in China (such as Beijing Yueshengzhai sauce beef, Xi'an beef and mutton, beef jerky, mutton slices and other dried products) In the imported beef and mutton, we should focus on the raw products without processing and the parts with low price (such as sundry meat) The price is cheap After being cooked and processed, there is a market in both urban and rural markets 5 This year's production and marketing of cattle and sheep and market forecast the production situation of animal husbandry throughout the country is very good, especially the production of cattle and sheep It is expected that the total output of meat will continue to rise this year, while the output of beef and mutton will increase by more than 5%, and the increase of mutton will be greater than that of beef In terms of national meat consumption, the growth rate is slowing down (mainly due to the diversion of purchasing power) In short, in the second half of the year and in the spring, due to the steady development of production and insufficient power of consumption growth, the buyer's market will be further obvious, and the price of meat products will be basically stable In the peak season of centralized listing, the price will be stable and slightly lower China imports more than 300000 tons of wool and more than 3 million pieces of cowhide every year After joining WTO, the import tariff will be lowered, which may increase the import, thus affecting the price of cattle and sheep, but the market fluctuation will not be too big In general, although there are some difficulties in the operation of cattle and sheep this year, there are also many favorable conditions There is still a great potential to explore the market We need to explore and innovate in order to increase the market share ENB (author:) to feed Weibo to: