Current situation and Countermeasures of pig industry development in Hechuan, Chongqing

Introduction: food is the most important thing for the people Food is an important material basis for human survival, and meat is an indispensable food for people's daily life, in which pork is the main meat consumption variety of residents in China and most countries in the world According to statistics, in 2000, the total import of pork in the world was 2.47 million tons, while in China there were 120000 tons, which shows that there is a large space in the pork market In 2001, most countries in the European Union consumed about 40 kg of pork per person per year, while China is a country mainly consuming pork The average consumption of pork in rural areas in China is about 24 kg, 50 kg in cities, 55 kg in Hong Kong and 43 kg in Taiwan If we can effectively increase the income of farmers and raise the consumption of rural areas to the level of cities, we need to increase the production of 23 million tons of pork It can be seen that China's pork consumption potential is great Therefore, the development of pig industry is not only to meet the strong needs of the international and domestic pork market, but also to solve the needs of food transformation and value-added, promote the coordinated development of rural economy, and also to adjust the strategic structure of agriculture and implement the western development in China 1 Current situation of pig industry development in Hechuan City, located in the north of Chongqing, Hechuan City is a planned central city in the north of Chongqing and a major domestic city Hechuan agriculture has a typical dual structure of grain and pig, with animal husbandry accounting for 45% of agricultural output value, pig output value accounting for 80% of animal husbandry and 36% of total agricultural output value Pig industry is one of the pillar industries of agriculture and rural economy in our city and an important source for farmers to increase their income and get rid of poverty During the Seventh Five Year Plan period, Hechuan was a famous pig producing county in China The annual output of pigs kept around 1.1 million throughout the year, ranking first in the country With the development of China's pig industry, traditional pig breeds, breeding mode and processing mode have become the "bottleneck" of the development of Hechuan pig industry In 1998, based on the situation of the city, Hechuan municipal Party committee and the municipal government made great efforts to adjust the agricultural structure by highlighting the advantages of resources and traditional production They put pigs at the top of the five major agricultural industries (pigs, Pueraria, sericulture, vegetables and aquatic products) that Hechuan focuses on They took pig development as the number one project and the project of enriching the people to adjust the agricultural structure and actively adapt to the development trend of pig production at home and abroad To actively meet the challenges of domestic and foreign pig industry after China's accession to the WTO and develop pig industry from a high starting point After several years of efforts, Hechuan pig industry has realized the transformation from the past model of quantity, food and clothing to the model of high-quality and green, from the past model of simple farmers' pig farming to the model of multi form, all-round and deep-seated industrial chain, promoted the process of pig industry industrialization, focused on improving the position of Hechuan pig industry in the industry of the whole country, and achieved the following five new breakthroughs: One is to achieve a new breakthrough in pig quality improvement In order to fundamentally change the situation of Hechuan's animal products that "many are not excellent, but not many are excellent", Chongqing Dazheng animal husbandry science and Technology Co., Ltd settled in Hechuan in 1998, introduced the pic supporting five line pig farm which is one of the best supporting lines in the world, built the largest pic pig farm in Asia with an annual output of 20000 high-quality pic supporting line parents' generation pigs, and vigorously implemented the "pig improvement project" By the end of 2003, a good breeding system of PIC breeding pigs had been basically established, and a pagoda like breeding structure with high correlation among the three levels of PIC ancestral farm, parent farm, and commodity farm had been realized 36000 pic parent breeding pigs had been promoted in the city, accounting for 40% of the total number of breeding sows in the city, and 400000 high-quality and lean pig had been released annually, consolidating and improving the township people There are 11 insemination stations The rapid promotion of PIC breeding pigs has accelerated the pace of pig improvement, greatly improved the coverage rate of PIC high-quality lean pigs, and achieved remarkable results in pig improvement Pic pig three-level good breeding line is more perfect, the structure is more optimized and reasonable, the pig industry foundation has been strengthened, and the good breeding line has realized three fundamental changes: first, the transformation from local varieties to excellent varieties; second, the transformation from extensive breeding to large-scale breeding; third, the transformation from family sideline breeding to industrial management Second, it has achieved a new breakthrough in the mode of production and operation Changing the traditional way of raising pigs and taking the way of large-scale and industrialized management are the inevitable way to develop the pig industry Hechuan focuses on the development of more than 10000 breeding enterprises in the production mode of PIC commodity pigs, and establishes the production base of high-quality commodity pigs on the basis of the development of professional cooperatives In the industrial operation, it adopts the industrialization development road of "company + farmer", "company + base + farmer", "company + professional cooperative + farmer" and other modes to realize the production and operation mode of pig New breakthroughs, rapid development of large-scale pig production and continuous expansion of production scale have become the biggest "bright spot" in the development of Hechuan pig industry More than 700 large-scale pig farms have been developed in the city, including 240 pig breeding farms for parents of PIC; 550 pig farms (40 farms with more than 1000 pigs) that raise more than 100 commercial pigs annually; large-scale intensive pig farms with more than 10000 pigs are also booming, and 80000 large-scale pig farms, including Dazheng, Wuyang, yongchanglong, Guohong, Dejia, Daxing, Junchuan and Jiqing, have been initially built, At the same time, the joint office, Jianshan town, Dashi town and Tuchang town are planning to build four large-scale pig farms respectively, initially building a production scale of 400000 high-quality pic lean pigs annually Large scale pig farm has gradually become the main body of the rapid development of Hechuan pig industry, which is moving towards the direction of standardized production, large-scale management and industrialized management of modern pig industry Third, it has achieved a new breakthrough in the diversification of financing subjects Industrialized management is an important measure for the sustainable and rapid development of pig industry, and the leading enterprise is a key link in pig industry chain In the process of vigorously developing the pig industry, Hechuan firmly seized the investment opportunities such as Hechuan opening up 10000 people mobilization conference and Hechuan back home entrepreneurship Youth Press Conference, and attracted dozens of Chongqing Dazheng, Jinzhou, Wuyang, Yongsheng, Huaxi hope, Qilin, seven bristles and so on, which are large-scale, powerful, highly related and can lead the development of pig industry National, Chongqing and Hechuan leading enterprises, involving social capital in pig research and development, pig production, pig and its by-product processing, market circulation, feed industry, veterinary medicine and other fields, participate in the development of pig industry, presenting the incentive mechanism of diversified financing pig industry chain, enhancing the development potential and overall driving force of pig industry, and realizing the single tradition The transformation of farmers' investment in pig industry to the whole society, multiple forms and deep-seated financing involving all aspects of the industrial chain The fourth is to achieve a new breakthrough in pig technology Hechuan's pig raising technical service system has been further improved, with a high degree of pig industrialization organization The "six unifications" service measures have been implemented, the construction of high-quality pig production standardization system, the demonstration and promotion of pollution-free lean pig production technology, and the training and guidance of comprehensive disease control technology in large-scale pig farms have been strengthened The comprehensive supporting technology of large-scale intensive pig raising has been widely promoted and applied The production level has been significantly improved In the large-scale pic pig farm, the conception rate of sows is over 92%, the number of live litter is 11, the number of weaned live piglets is 10.4, the annual birth rate is 2.1, the lean meat rate of commercial pigs is 65-67%, the ratio of feed to meat in fattening period is 2.74:1, the age of 105 kg body weight day is 158 days, and the mortality rate is controlled within 5% There is no major epidemic in the large-scale pig farm The research and development of new technology has been strengthened The "pic pig comprehensive enterprise standard" compiled by Chongqing Dazheng Pig Research Institute has passed the examination and approval of experts The standard covers all aspects of PIC pig production, including breeding, feeding management, health and epidemic prevention, feed, environmental protection and other 15 standards As an important part of the development of pig industry, "pollution-free pork action plan" has completed the formulation of relevant technical regulations and management systems, and passed the environmental assessment and certification of pollution-free pork production area Approved by AQSIQ in 2001, the national pic pig agricultural standardization demonstration area project, which was listed in the third batch of national high yield, high quality and high efficiency agricultural standardization demonstration area project, passed the acceptance of national expert group in December 2003 The fifth is to achieve a new breakthrough in the benefits of pig industry chain With the rapid development of large-scale pig industry in Hechuan, the national pic pig agricultural standardization demonstration area project and the "pollution-free pork action plan" production area environmental assessment and certification passed, the pig advantage production area was presented, the popularity was gradually expanded, the pic pig brand effect was significantly enhanced, the sales channels were continuously expanded, and the economic and social benefits were highlighted In 2003, the production and related processing industry of pig in pic had obvious benefits The average price of fattening pig was 0.80-1.0 yuan / kg higher than that of local pig, and the price of pig reached 10-11.00 yuan / kg, about 50% higher than that of local pig Pic piglets and commercial fattening pigs are in short supply, and merchants from Guangdong, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing and other places have come to cooperate to buy pic quality pigs Jinzhou company processes 300000 pigs annually, exports more than 8000 tons of canned pork annually and earns us $8 million in foreign exchange annually The "yanpai" series of pickled food produced by Wuyang company is favored by the public at Chongqing famous and special agricultural products fair Qilin animal products and seven bristles are sold far to the EU market The vigorous development of Hechuan pig industry and related processing industry has played a huge role in promoting the development of pig industry, accelerating the improvement and formation of pig industry chain, powerfully promoting the coordinated development of various links of breeding, breeding, processing and marketing as well as the related feed, veterinary medicine industry and the local transfer of rural labor force, and realizing the transformation and utilization of idle assets The city's total area is about 30000 square meters Idle factory buildings have been converted into pig houses or processing houses It has accelerated the transformation of surplus grain in rural areas, increased the consumption of more than 160000 tons of corn, wheat, rice and other grains per year for pigs, and realized the local transfer of rural labor force At least 5300 surplus rural labor force can be arranged in the city to specialize in pig production, processing of pigs and their by-products, trade and circulation, veterinary medicine, feed and other related industries, which has increased the income of farmers and accelerated the development of local economy Exhibition has greatly increased local financial resources and effectively promoted the pace of rural urbanization and the overall development of social economy 2 The experience of developing pig industry in Hechuan City At present, the variety, production mode and processing mode of pig industry in Hechuan are undergoing fundamental changes The pig industry has initially been used to link up the industry chain of rural prosperity Now, the increase of pig industry income in the per capita net income of farmers in Hechuan has ranked the first among all agricultural industries in the same period, with 80% of the increase of cash income of many farmers' families The above comes from the pig industry The rapid development of Hechuan pig industry and the emergence of economic and social benefits are mainly due to the strong "four-wheel drive": first, the strong drive of preferential policies and mechanisms Hechuan municipal Party committee, municipal government and towns (streets) have set up corresponding organization and leadership institutions and development institutions, which are responsible for the organization and leadership, overall coordination, development and promotion of the city's pig industry development; animal husbandry system has set up pic pig full-time technical service team, which is responsible for the technical guidance, information services and other work of the city's pig industry development We have formed a two legged production and development pattern with personnel and a system, increased the promotion of PIC pigs and the industrialization of pigs, and ensured the effective promotion of PIC pigs At the same time, Hechuan municipal Party committee and government have also formulated a series of preferential policies