Current situation and Countermeasures of animal husbandry modernization (10.14)

Abstract: since the reform and opening up, the level of animal husbandry science and technology in China has developed greatly Animal husbandry has developed into an important pillar industry of agriculture and rural economy However, compared with planting industry, the modernization of animal husbandry still lags behind in the county rural areas After entering the 1980s, the pace of the modernization of animal husbandry has accelerated, especially the establishment of the socialist market economy The competition has become increasingly fierce Only by reducing the production cost and raising scientifically can we improve the economic efficiency and stand in an invincible position in the fierce market competition Therefore, the development of the modernization of animal husbandry is urgent I current situation and existing problems what is the modernization of animal husbandry? In a narrow sense, the modernization of animal husbandry is the mechanization of animal husbandry, that is, the mechanization of feeding management, including the operation process of automatic feeding (feeding), automatic drinking water, regular lighting, automatic scraping of manure, disinfection and elimination; in a broad sense, it is a highly intensive and large-scale factory, The overall mechanization and automation of the production and operation process, including the production of breeding livestock and poultry related to breeding, the breeding of livestock and poultry, the elimination of slaughter processing and the cleaning and drying of faeces and other related industries, are carried out by computer control, so that it can be carried out automatically and orderly according to the specified procedures, which is called the modernization of animal husbandry The modernization of animal husbandry can greatly reduce the heavy physical labor and effectively improve the efficiency of labor production In fact, we say that the modernization of animal husbandry is in a narrow sense In terms of the country, the modernization of animal husbandry is starting to develop, The traditional animal husbandry mode will exist for a long time in a certain period, because the traditional animal husbandry has its two sides, that is, it has its backward side and its reasonable composition Compared with mechanization, traditional feeding has its advantages in at least four aspects First, it can make full use of all kinds of fine, coarse and green feeds available in the farm, so as to reduce feed waste, which is absolutely impossible for mechanized feeding, especially traditional pig and cattle raising; second, traditional feeding can provide employment opportunities for tens of thousands of rural whole (half) labor force and laid-off workers Yes, otherwise, so many farmers and laid-off workers will flow to large and medium-sized cities, which will form an unbearable pressure on the society Third, the traditional breeding industry is more able to withstand the impact of market fluctuations When the price of pork falls, farmers can raise less or not, but instead raise cattle or chickens But if a 10000 head farm raises less, it will lose money At the same time, housing and facilities The depreciation, maintenance and wages of workers are still to be spent, which will make it very difficult Fourth, we will promote the establishment of a large-scale sustainable agriculture All kinds of farm fodder and straws in rural areas are returned to the fields through feeding livestock to reduce the cost of agricultural production, improve the soil, reduce pollution, and promote the virtuous cycle of agricultural production and ecological environment At present, large-scale mechanized breeding is mostly concentrated in the urban and rural areas, resulting in a large amount of livestock and poultry manure and urine, which exceeds the standard However, the absorptive capacity of local farmland becomes a source of pollution In short, according to China's national conditions and the level of economic development, the rural traditional breeding industry still has its reasons for existence in a certain period of time For many reasons, our modernization has been imitating foreign products, lacking innovation awareness Due to the production materials and the level of technology, there are some difficulties in its development, which are mainly manifested in: 1 The development level of the breeding industry does not adapt to the development of modernization At present, the breeding industry is still small-scale and large-scale, with less large-scale specialization, which determines that the small-scale equipment of this "small workshop" type of animal husbandry is simple and crude, which can be produced without the purchase of complex and advanced equipment, which is also determined by the nature of animal husbandry itself 2 The breeding industry has a weak foundation and low scientific and technological content Due to the strong awareness of small farmers in the countryside, the farmers are still at the level of food and clothing They want to achieve a well-off level by relying on the breeding industry, lack of funds, and have no ability to purchase more advanced machinery and equipment In the big cities and the urban-rural areas, their ideological understanding is more advanced and profound than that of the rural farmers They are driven by profits and have the conditions of time (with deep technology and certain funds), land benefits (good sales, more information), people and (more talents in Colleges and universities), so they develop rapidly and are easy to occupy the market 3 Lack of overall planning awareness and policy improvement and encouragement The plan for the modernization of animal husbandry has not been put on the agenda, no new ideas have been formed in people's thoughts, no overall planning awareness, no preferential policies for the development of animal husbandry modernization, especially in terms of electricity, land occupation and capital 4 It is manifested in the huge waste of resources and the ups and downs of the breeding industry Due to extensive production, the conversion rate of various resources is low, the degree of modernization is low, and the ability to resist market risks is poor Modern animal husbandry is a series of modern scientific and technological achievements, such as animal husbandry and veterinary, feed nutrition, mechanical and electrical construction engineering and feeding management It represents an advanced production, which involves a wide range of areas and is difficult It is bound to become the focus of attention and work of animal husbandry departments at all levels As a result, it develops rapidly The same is true for the modernization of animal husbandry in our county, such as: lighting control, drinking water control, automatic egg collection, computer incubation, defecation in the chicken industry; teat type automatic water dispenser in the pig industry; tethering, automatic milking and ventilation in the cattle industry are advanced equipment and instruments But generally speaking, the mechanization degree of chicken raising is higher, followed by pig raising, and cattle and sheep raising is lower; from the current overall estimation of animal husbandry, mechanization accounts for only a small part at best, while traditional breeding accounts for more than 90% At present, the problems encountered in the development of animal husbandry are as follows: first, the varieties are not suitable for market consumption, and the coverage rate of improved varieties is low; second, the production cost per unit quantity is high, and the competitiveness is lacking It is not only an opportunity but also a challenge for the modernization of animal husbandry Modernization has its outstanding advantages First, the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost per unit quantity is reduced, because the mechanization degree is improved, the use of labor force is reduced, and the opportunities for disease transmission caused by it are reduced, and all kinds of expenses are reduced Second, modern supporting technologies are used in modern breeding, and a production, processing and sales complex is established to achieve balanced production throughout the year, The comprehensive benefits have been greatly improved to create conditions for market occupation Third, more than 80% of the floor area and building area will be saved 2 Suggestions and Countermeasures 1 Improve the understanding of leaders at all levels on the modernization of animal husbandry, increase publicity, and formulate the development plan for the modernization of animal husbandry The realization of animal husbandry modernization is a complex project, a product of highly developed economy to a certain extent, and a process of gradual circulation At present, agricultural production has reached a fairly high level in terms of improved varieties and technology The yield per mu has reached or exceeded tons of grain fields In a certain period, farmers' income depends largely on animal husbandry to increase their income The agricultural planting structure has come to the time when it must be adjusted, which is a good opportunity for the development of animal husbandry modernization It is necessary to absorb the experience and talent of planting industry to develop the animal husbandry modernization and improve the overall comprehensive benefits of animal husbandry Cut down the low-level repeated construction, and gradually form a pattern of local and regional development of animal husbandry modernization We should thoroughly break the economic consciousness of small farmers and establish the idea of large market and large flow According to the specific conditions of all regions, we should not copy mechanically, blindly pursue the advanced, and adjust measures to local conditions, formulate the development plan for the modernization of animal husbandry, and take measures to speed up the pace of development 2 Further accelerate the investment in science and technology and talent management for the modernization of animal husbandry The modernization of our animal husbandry always follows the research of foreign countries, while the urgent problems such as domestic production practice are lack of scientific and technological investment and research Especially, the government departments should increase investment and appropriate subsidies in the research and construction of infrastructure, guide all walks of life and farmers to increase investment, and gradually form a multi-channel and multi-level scientific and technological investment mechanism Strengthen the management of technical talents and improve the treatment of technical talents The lack of local scientific research and extension talents is an important reason that hinders the modernization of animal husbandry As we all know, a large number of animal husbandry researchers come to developed countries to study and visit in various forms and bring back a large number of advanced technologies urgently needed for animal husbandry development In addition, the professional talents cultivated by themselves in China constitute the backbone of animal husbandry talents Only by strengthening management and improving treatment can we avoid brain drain; completely change the malpractice of unbalanced distribution of talents, that is, on the one hand On the other hand, there is a lack of talents in local grass-roots units 3 Strengthen the construction of scientific research education, training, popularization and promotion system; train and train high-quality scientific and technological talents As far as China's national conditions are concerned, the current modernization of animal husbandry is spontaneous in the countryside and developed under disordered conditions Therefore, we must learn from the advanced experience of foreign countries, start from the reality of developing animal husbandry modernization in China, manufacture and produce modern equipment and instruments that meet our national conditions, and reduce costs, It is necessary to cultivate high-quality scientific and technological talents to develop equipment of different scales to serve the rural consumer market, so as to make the modernization of animal husbandry step into the track of sound development as soon as possible It is impossible to realize the modernization of animal husbandry without scientific and technological talents All the countries with developed animal husbandry rely on modernization to take advantage Do well in training and improve the ability of scientific and technological service Without scientific and technological services, the modernization of animal husbandry is difficult In formulating and improving the supporting policies for mobilizing the scientific and technological personnel of animal husbandry, establishing the three-level service network in the county and countryside, training the personnel, improving the modernization awareness of the farmers, encouraging the various markets to participate in the research and development of the modernization of animal husbandry, giving full play to the role of private scientific and technological enterprises, promoting a number of advanced technologies and models that are leading in the modernization of animal husbandry, increasing production and increasing efficiency, so as to promote the early development of animal husbandry To realize the modernization of animal husbandry 4 The modernization of animal husbandry should be based on the following aspects: good breed before production, processing after production, leading cultivation and market development The modernization of animal husbandry should start from adapting to the market, which is the need of the development of market economy to give full play to the guiding and promoting role of market and social demand for the modernization of animal husbandry Only the large-scale and large group of modern animal husbandry can reduce costs and improve product quality and quantity advantages In a word, our modernization of animal husbandry has a long way to go It needs great support and help from all walks of life With the hard work of our faithful animal husbandry workers, our modernization of animal husbandry will surely be realized in the vast rural areas China feed industry information network VLC (author:)