Current development trend of ecological agriculture

Introduction: This paper comprehensively analyzes the trend and main progress of research on Eco agriculture and related product development technology at home and abroad, compares the differences, advantages and disadvantages of relevant standards at home and abroad, and puts forward the concept of China's eco agriculture technology guarantee and standard system construction The development trend of eco agricultural technology in foreign countries From the perspective of developed countries, high input conventional modern agriculture has exposed a series of problems, which are all directly related to high input large-scale single management of farming Therefore, countries are trying to explore effective alternative modes and technologies The main problem is not the production of conventional agricultural products, the focus is on the protection of ecological environment and efficient utilization of resources, and the development of non-public agriculture Products, organic food and other ecological food Both Europe, America and Japan attach great importance to traditional agriculture and ecological agriculture in China, and absorb and introduce them   ai9     From the perspective of developing countries, the "green revolution" centered on the cultivation and application of high-yield crops (wheat and rice) with high water and fertilizer response has achieved remarkable results, but it has not reached the expected goal In many countries and regions, there is still a double poverty of ecology and economy Many developing countries are deeply studying the external low input sustainable agriculture suitable for local areas, trying to avoid the problem The eco-economic contradiction of conventional agriculture in developed countries is avoided, which is very similar to that of low-yield areas in China In this context, more than ten international research centers affiliated to cgtar have made comprehensive adjustments to their research directions and strategic priorities, shifting their focus from simply improving productivity to including IPM, biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization, application of organic fertilizer and organic crops, reducing dependence on chemical fertilizer, controlling soil erosion, etc To establish the agroforestry, animal husbandry and fishery complex ecological model, strengthen the social and economic policy guarantee and other aspects of agricultural sustainability research, it is similar to the technical approach of China's ecological agriculture exploration AI9 foreign standard system construction at present, based on ecological agriculture, the ecological marker agricultural products similar to pollution-free agricultural products include green food, organic agricultural products, biodynamic agricultural products and other terms However, regardless of the name, the main characteristics of these eco marker agricultural products include: (1) prohibition or limited use of chemical synthetic products in the production process; (2) harmful products in the production process The content of substances should meet the national and international limit standards, and will not affect human health under the current technical and economic and social conditions; (3) the production process should have a positive contribution to the ecosystem and environmental protection; (4) the products need to be certified by a third-party organization AI9 In the sense of science and law, ecological agriculture, organic agriculture and biodynamic agriculture are basically the same in foreign countries Only in China, ecological agriculture and organic agriculture have different requirements on the application of agricultural chemical crystals The industrialization development of organic agriculture and organic food in foreign countries has formed a relatively perfect system in the construction of production materials, production standards, production process, regulatory system, certification system, marking system and international trade system, which provides a good reference model for the industrialization development of ecological agriculture in China AI9 the regulations and management system of international organic agriculture and organic agricultural products can be divided into three levels, one is the United Nations level, the other is the international non-governmental organization level and the third level - national level The standards of organic agriculture and organic agricultural products at the United Nations level are formulated by the food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (who) They are part of the Codex Alimentarius, and are still recommended standards Taking the EU standard as a model, the United States and Japan have also stepped up the standard setting of organic agriculture Japan's Ministry of agriculture, forestry and Fisheries launched the organic agriculture standard in April 2000, which was formally implemented in April 2001 Because Japan's national conditions are very similar to China's, the ecological mark agricultural products in Japan are also divided into many levels like China's Agricultural products are divided into conventional agricultural products (applying fertilizer and pesticide), environmental protection agricultural products (different proportion of pesticide and fertilizer consumption is lower than that of conventional agriculture) and organic agricultural products In conclusion, it can be concluded that the current international standards of organic agriculture and organic agricultural products are basically similar, but slightly different in specific links and descriptions   ai9     The relevant standards and regulations of China's ecological agriculture can not copy the standards of foreign organic agriculture and organic food, but they can be used for reference in the aspects of design ideas, whole process control, logo management and certification supervision At the same time, they can learn from Japan's practices and treat organic agriculture as a special type of China's ecological agriculture, which not only considers China's national conditions, but also is easy to connect with the international community Rail The basic framework of the development of ecological agriculture in China According to the current situation, the industrial development of ecological agriculture in China can basically establish the following three levels of structural system: ecological agriculture produces pollution-free food, further improves the output of green food (a), and then increases the output of organic food But organic food and green food can be developed directly The output of ecological agriculture is required to meet the requirements of pollution-free food, which is not only conducive to improving the technology and management level of ecological agriculture, but also to making pollution-free food production scale and consumption popular Its production process, environmental control and product quality requirements can be relatively low, aiming to comprehensively improve the ecological environment of our country and improve the quality of general agricultural products Its products are mainly large Agricultural products and processed products On this basis, we will further develop green food (Grade A) that can be produced mainly on the domestic market, mainly on the basis of high-quality agricultural products, focusing on domestic middle and high-end consumers, and strive to meet the general food safety standards of developed countries Finally, according to the international market demand and production management standards, organic food is selectively produced in areas with good ecological environment and production process control Although the initial stage of China's green food development has not been incorporated into the international organic food production, management and trade system, which has obvious independence and Chinese characteristics, but also has some shortcomings, but objectively and justly, China's green food system and development process do have their own originality and innovation, and to a certain extent, they have been recognized by international peers Admittedly, however, the problem is that if green food is to go to the world and enter the international market in an all-round way, it must conform to the basically formed international standards and rules for production, operation and management, especially for market operation At the same time, it must be integrated with the existing organic food production and management in China AI9