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Responsibility Editor | Xi's duvet in the harsh winter is hard to leave, and the bed in the midsummer makes people toss and turn.
We may not be unfamiliar with the experience of being awakened by heat, but where does this experience come from? Or when we live in humid and hot climates, can we get a good night's sleep? On March 18, 2021, the Han Junhai research team of Southeast University published an online article A subset of DN1p neurons integrates thermosensory inputs to promote wakefulness via CNMa singaling in Current Biology, revealing the neural circuits that mediate temperature regulation of sleep, which is the answer to the above problems.
Interpretation brings a new scientific perspective.
Drosophila has a simple but not simple central nervous system.
Genetic manipulation tools can do their best on this organism, making Drosophila this "weapon" good for neural circuit exploration.
In addition, the sleep regulation mechanisms of Drosophila and mammals are highly conserved at the molecular level, and have similarities in the regulation of neural circuits.
Therefore, since 2000, Drosophila has become an important model organism for sleep research.
Drosophila will also wake up in a warm state similar to humans.
The study found that the increase in ambient temperature at night promotes the process of awakening is reversible (Figure 1A).
TrpA1 expressed in Drosophila thermoreceptor AC neurons (Anterior cells, ACs), as a classic cation channel temperature-sensing protein, can be activated by high temperature, causing the influx of cations to increase the excitability of ACs, which converts the signal of rising ambient temperature It is a neural signal [1].
This study identified Drosophila NP5130-GAL4, a tool for specifically marking temperature-sensitive neuron ACs.
Using this tool, Drosophila knocked down the expression level of TrpA1 in ACs, which weakened the effect of high temperature in promoting night awakening, and Drosophila remained in a high temperature environment.
Maintain a high amount of sleep (Figure 1B).The research team further identified that ACs transmit environmental temperature information through the release of acetylcholine, and mediate temperature regulation on sleep (Figure 1C).
Figure 1 ACs releases acetylcholine signals to mediate temperature rise and promotes nocturnal wakefulness.
To explore the downstream neural network that receives ACs signals, the researchers used trans-Tango technology of trans-synaptic markers to locate the downstream neural network of ACs signals to the posterior nerve Yuan DN1ps.
Combining RNA interference technology and behavioral analysis, the research team determined that a small cluster of DN1p neurons expressing acetylcholine receptors nα4, nα5 and mA received acetylcholine signals released by ACs and sensed temperature changes.
The study further explores what kind of neural signals DN1ps release to regulate sleep.
Through screening, the authors found that knocking down CNMa neuropeptide in DN1ps can significantly reduce the promotion of high temperature on night awakening (Figure 2A).
What is the downstream neuron of CNMa signal? Pars intercerebralis (PI) is equivalent to the hypothalamic structure of mammals and has direct synaptic connection with DN1ps.
Researchers analyzed the expression pattern of CNMa receptor (CNMaR) and found that Dh44+ PI neuron subgroups (Dh44+ PIs) highly express CNMaR (Figure 2B); functional calcium imaging experiments show that the signal released by DN1ps can inhibit the activity of Dh44+ PIs.
Promote night awakening (Figure 2C).
Figure 2 The CNMa signal pathway mediates temperature regulation on night sleep.
Professor Han Junhai's team from Southeast University has long been committed to the study of the pathogenic mechanism and sleep regulation mechanism of childhood autism.
A series of genes and neural circuits involved in sleep regulation have been identified and pioneered It expounds the rhythmic response of rhythm-initiating neurons to GABA signal [2], and outputs the rhythm signal to the sleep regulation network through Fbxl4 [3], which has been highly praised by domestic and foreign scholars [4]. This study reveals for the first time the regulation process of AC-DN1p-PI neural circuit-mediated perceiving environmental temperature rise-release CNMa neuropeptide signal-promoting night awakening, providing a new target and direction for the study of information integration regulation in sleep , Adds a new theoretical basis for the practical application of sleep regulation.
Figure 3 The neural circuit that temperature rise regulates night sleep.
Professor Han Junhai from the School of Life Sciences and Technology of Southeast University and the Key Laboratory of "Genes Related to Development and Disease" of the Ministry of Education is the corresponding author of the paper.
Dr.
Xi Jin and associate Tian Yao from Southeast University The researcher is the co-first author of the paper.
Associate researcher Zhang Zichao and teacher Gu Pengyu of Southeast University, and researcher Liu Chang from Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology participated in the research.
The Han Junhai research group of the School of Life Science and Technology of Southeast University is openly recruiting associate researchers and post-doctoral fellows in the fields of electrophysiology and bioinformatics.
The research group has published a series of papers in authoritative journals such as Molecular Cell, Neuron, Dev Cell, Current Biology, PLos Biology, EMBO J, JNs, etc.
For more information, please refer to the website: https://ils.
seu.
edu.
cn/2015 /0331/c22871a282856/page.
htm Original link: https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
cub.
2021.
02.
048 Plate maker: 11 References 1.
Kang, K.
, et al.
, Modulation of TRPA1 thermal Sensitivity enables sensory discrimination in Drosophila.
Nature, 2011.
481(7379): p.
76-80.
2.
Li, Y.
, et al.
, Drosophila neuroligin 4 regulates sleep through modulating GABA transmission.
J Neurosci, 2013.
33(39) : p.
15545-54.
3.
Li, Q.
, et al.
, Fbxl4 serves as a clock output molecule that regulates sleep through promotion of rhythmic degradation of the GABAA receptor.
Current Biology, 2017.
27(23): p.
3616- 3625.
4.
Tabuchi, M.
and MN Wu, Sleep: Setting the'Circadian' Alarm Clock.
Curr Biol, 2018.
28(1): p.
R26-r28.
Note for reprint [Non-original article] The copyright of this article belongs to the author of the article , Personal reposting and sharing are welcome.
Reprinting is prohibited without permission.
The author has all legal rights and offenders must be investigated.
We may not be unfamiliar with the experience of being awakened by heat, but where does this experience come from? Or when we live in humid and hot climates, can we get a good night's sleep? On March 18, 2021, the Han Junhai research team of Southeast University published an online article A subset of DN1p neurons integrates thermosensory inputs to promote wakefulness via CNMa singaling in Current Biology, revealing the neural circuits that mediate temperature regulation of sleep, which is the answer to the above problems.
Interpretation brings a new scientific perspective.
Drosophila has a simple but not simple central nervous system.
Genetic manipulation tools can do their best on this organism, making Drosophila this "weapon" good for neural circuit exploration.
In addition, the sleep regulation mechanisms of Drosophila and mammals are highly conserved at the molecular level, and have similarities in the regulation of neural circuits.
Therefore, since 2000, Drosophila has become an important model organism for sleep research.
Drosophila will also wake up in a warm state similar to humans.
The study found that the increase in ambient temperature at night promotes the process of awakening is reversible (Figure 1A).
TrpA1 expressed in Drosophila thermoreceptor AC neurons (Anterior cells, ACs), as a classic cation channel temperature-sensing protein, can be activated by high temperature, causing the influx of cations to increase the excitability of ACs, which converts the signal of rising ambient temperature It is a neural signal [1].
This study identified Drosophila NP5130-GAL4, a tool for specifically marking temperature-sensitive neuron ACs.
Using this tool, Drosophila knocked down the expression level of TrpA1 in ACs, which weakened the effect of high temperature in promoting night awakening, and Drosophila remained in a high temperature environment.
Maintain a high amount of sleep (Figure 1B).The research team further identified that ACs transmit environmental temperature information through the release of acetylcholine, and mediate temperature regulation on sleep (Figure 1C).
Figure 1 ACs releases acetylcholine signals to mediate temperature rise and promotes nocturnal wakefulness.
To explore the downstream neural network that receives ACs signals, the researchers used trans-Tango technology of trans-synaptic markers to locate the downstream neural network of ACs signals to the posterior nerve Yuan DN1ps.
Combining RNA interference technology and behavioral analysis, the research team determined that a small cluster of DN1p neurons expressing acetylcholine receptors nα4, nα5 and mA received acetylcholine signals released by ACs and sensed temperature changes.
The study further explores what kind of neural signals DN1ps release to regulate sleep.
Through screening, the authors found that knocking down CNMa neuropeptide in DN1ps can significantly reduce the promotion of high temperature on night awakening (Figure 2A).
What is the downstream neuron of CNMa signal? Pars intercerebralis (PI) is equivalent to the hypothalamic structure of mammals and has direct synaptic connection with DN1ps.
Researchers analyzed the expression pattern of CNMa receptor (CNMaR) and found that Dh44+ PI neuron subgroups (Dh44+ PIs) highly express CNMaR (Figure 2B); functional calcium imaging experiments show that the signal released by DN1ps can inhibit the activity of Dh44+ PIs.
Promote night awakening (Figure 2C).
Figure 2 The CNMa signal pathway mediates temperature regulation on night sleep.
Professor Han Junhai's team from Southeast University has long been committed to the study of the pathogenic mechanism and sleep regulation mechanism of childhood autism.
A series of genes and neural circuits involved in sleep regulation have been identified and pioneered It expounds the rhythmic response of rhythm-initiating neurons to GABA signal [2], and outputs the rhythm signal to the sleep regulation network through Fbxl4 [3], which has been highly praised by domestic and foreign scholars [4]. This study reveals for the first time the regulation process of AC-DN1p-PI neural circuit-mediated perceiving environmental temperature rise-release CNMa neuropeptide signal-promoting night awakening, providing a new target and direction for the study of information integration regulation in sleep , Adds a new theoretical basis for the practical application of sleep regulation.
Figure 3 The neural circuit that temperature rise regulates night sleep.
Professor Han Junhai from the School of Life Sciences and Technology of Southeast University and the Key Laboratory of "Genes Related to Development and Disease" of the Ministry of Education is the corresponding author of the paper.
Dr.
Xi Jin and associate Tian Yao from Southeast University The researcher is the co-first author of the paper.
Associate researcher Zhang Zichao and teacher Gu Pengyu of Southeast University, and researcher Liu Chang from Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology participated in the research.
The Han Junhai research group of the School of Life Science and Technology of Southeast University is openly recruiting associate researchers and post-doctoral fellows in the fields of electrophysiology and bioinformatics.
The research group has published a series of papers in authoritative journals such as Molecular Cell, Neuron, Dev Cell, Current Biology, PLos Biology, EMBO J, JNs, etc.
For more information, please refer to the website: https://ils.
seu.
edu.
cn/2015 /0331/c22871a282856/page.
htm Original link: https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
cub.
2021.
02.
048 Plate maker: 11 References 1.
Kang, K.
, et al.
, Modulation of TRPA1 thermal Sensitivity enables sensory discrimination in Drosophila.
Nature, 2011.
481(7379): p.
76-80.
2.
Li, Y.
, et al.
, Drosophila neuroligin 4 regulates sleep through modulating GABA transmission.
J Neurosci, 2013.
33(39) : p.
15545-54.
3.
Li, Q.
, et al.
, Fbxl4 serves as a clock output molecule that regulates sleep through promotion of rhythmic degradation of the GABAA receptor.
Current Biology, 2017.
27(23): p.
3616- 3625.
4.
Tabuchi, M.
and MN Wu, Sleep: Setting the'Circadian' Alarm Clock.
Curr Biol, 2018.
28(1): p.
R26-r28.
Note for reprint [Non-original article] The copyright of this article belongs to the author of the article , Personal reposting and sharing are welcome.
Reprinting is prohibited without permission.
The author has all legal rights and offenders must be investigated.
