Cotton fibers (cotton fabrics)

, also known as cotton, or cotton for short, is coated on the seeds of the Jinkeko cotton genus. It is an important raw material for the textile industry. Cotton fiber products absorb moisture and good breathability, soft and warm. Cotton is mostly a year-old plant. It is developed from skin cells that grow on cotton seeds. The growth of cotton fibers can be divided into three stages: elongation, thickening and transturbation.
is the main raw material of China's textile industry, which plays an important role in textile fiber. China is one of the world's major cotton-producing countries, at present, China's cotton production has entered the forefront of the world. China's cotton cultivation is almost all over the country. Among them, the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River basin mainly, plus the northwest inland, Liao river basin and southern China, a total of five cotton areas.
catalog
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1. By cotton variety classification
(1) fine velvet cotton: also known as land cotton. Fiber line density and length is medium, the general length is 25 to 35mm, the line density is 2.12 to 1.56 dtex (4700 to 6400 cm), strong at about 4.5cN. Most of the cotton currently grown in our country falls into this category.
(2) lint cotton: also known as island cotton. Fiber is thin and long, the general length is more than 33mm, the line density is about 1.54 to 1.18dtex (6500 to 8500 cm), strong at 4.5cN or more. Its high quality, mainly used in the preparation of fine than 10tex excellent cotton yarn. At present, China's cultivation is less, in addition to Xinjiang lint cotton, imports are mainly Egyptian cotton, Sudan cotton and so on.
addition, there are fiber thick wool cotton, has been phased out.
2. According to the initial processing classification of cotton
from cotton is seed cotton, can not be directly processed textile, must first carry out the initial processing, that is, cotton seeds in the seed cotton removed, get cotton. The initial processing is also known as gin. After the seed cotton is rolled, the weight of the obtained cotton accounts for the percentage of the weight of the original seed cotton called the proportion of clothing. The clothing score rate is generally 30 to 40%. According to the initial processing method, cotton can be divided into jagged cotton and leather roller cotton.
(1) sawtooth cotton: the use of jagged cotton mill processing resulting in leather cotton called jagged cotton. Sawtooth cotton contains mixed, less velvet, fiber length is neat, high yield. However, the fiber length is short, the rolling fault point is many. At present, most of the fine lint cotton is jagged rolled cotton.
(2) leather roller cotton: the use of leather roller cotton machine processing to obtain leather cotton called leather roller cotton. Leather roller cotton contains mixed, contains more velvet, fiber length neatness is poor, low yield. However, the fiber length operation is small, the rolling fault point is less, but there are yellow roots. Leather rolled cotton is suitable for lint cotton, low-grade cotton and so on.
nature of cotton fiber
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1.length
cotton fiber length refers to the distance between the ends when the fiber straightens, is one of the important physical properties of cotton fiber. The length of cotton fiber is mainly determined by cotton varieties, growth conditions, initial processing and other factors. Cotton fiber length is closely related to yarn quality and spinning process. Cotton fiber length is long, neatness is good, short velvet less, then into yarn strong high, dry uniform, yarn surface smooth, less feather.
length of cotton fiber is not uniform, generally with the main length, quality length, uniformity, short velvet rate and other indicators to indicate the length and distribution of cotton fiber. Body length refers to the length of the fiber with the highest content in cotton fiber. The quality length refers to the average length of the part of the fiber that is longer than the body length, which is used in the spinning process to determine the Lola spacing. Short velvet rate refers to the percentage of fiber weight that is shorter than a certain length limit as a percentage of total fiber. Generally when the velvet rate exceeds 15%, the yarn strength and strip dry will be significantly worse. In addition, there are hand pull length, span length and other length indicators.
2. Line density
the line density of cotton fiber refers to the degree of thickness of the fiber, is one of the important quality indicators of cotton fiber, it is closely related to the maturity and strength of cotton fiber. Cotton fiber line density is also one of the main factors that determine the spinning special number and the quality of yarn, and is related to fabric feel, gloss and so on. The fiber is fine, then the yarn is strong and high, the yarn strip is dry well, and the yarn can be spinning finer.
3. Maturity
The maturity of cotton fiber refers to the thickening degree of fiber cell wall, that is, the degree of maturity of cotton fiber growth, which is closely related to the physical properties of fiber. Normal mature cotton fiber, thick cross-section, high strength, multi-curve, good elasticity, silk light, fiber between the joint force is large, yarn strength is also high. Therefore, maturity can be seen as a comprehensive index of the in-house quality of cotton fibers.
4. Strength and elasticity
the strength of cotton fiber is one of the necessary conditions for fiber to have spinning properties and use value, fiber strength is high, then yarn strength is also high. The strength of cotton fibers is often expressed by the strength of the break and the length of the break. The strength of fine velvet cotton is 3.5 to 4.5cN, the fracture length is 21 to 25km, the strength of lint cotton is 4 to 6cN, the break length is 30km. Because of the strong difference of single cotton fiber, so the strength of cotton beam fiber is generally determined, and then converted into a single fiber strength index. The fracture elongation rate of cotton fiber is 3% to 7%, and the elasticity is poor.
5. moisture absorption
cotton fiber is porous substances, and its cellulose molecules there are many hydromassive
gene
(-OH), so its moisture absorption is better, under general atmospheric conditions, cotton fiber moisture rate of about 8.5%.
6.
acid and
is
and cotton fibers are weak inormeric acid resistance. Cotton fibers are resistant to alkalis, but cause lateral puffing. A thin alkali solution can be used to "silk light" the cotton cloth.
addition, cotton fibers are also sandwiched with impurities and defects, impurities such as sediment, leaves, bell shells, defects have cotton knots, wire and so on. They affect the amount of cotton used in textiles, but also affect the quality of processing and yarn, so must be inspected, strictly controlled. cotton-type fabric
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cotton-type fabric refers to cotton yarn or cotton and cotton-type chemical fiber blended yarn fabric fabric. It has the following characteristics:
1. strong moisture absorption, shrinkage rate is larger, about 4 to 10%
2. alkali-resistant acid resistance. Cotton cloth is extremely unstable to inorganic acid, even very thin sulfuric acid will cause damage, but
organic
acid effect is weak, almost no destructive effect. Cotton cloth is more resistant to alkali, generally thin alkali at room temperature on cotton cloth does not act, but under the action of strong alkali, cotton strength will decrease. Often use 20% of the alkali-producing fluid to treat cotton, you can get "silk light" cotton cloth.
3. Light resistance, heat resistance in general. Cotton cloth slowly oxidizes in sunlight and atmosphere, making it strongly reduced. Long-term high temperature effect will cause damage to cotton cloth, but it is resistant to 125 to 150 degrees C short-term high temperature treatment.
4.
microorganisms
have a destructive effect on cotton fabrics and are shown to be resistant to mold.
: Cotton fiber is a natural fiber, its main component is cellulose, as well as a small amount of waxy substances and nitrogen and phosphorus. Pure cotton fabric after a variety of inspection and practice, fabric and skin contact without any stimulation, no negative effect, long wear is beneficial to the human body harmless, good hygiene performance.
variety of cotton- Pure cotton fabric is made of cotton yarn, a wide variety of fabrics, different colors. It can be dyed according to the way is divided into primary cotton, dyeing cotton, printed cotton, color cotton, or according to the fabric
some
structure is divided into flat cloth, twill cloth, forging cloth.
(1) primary cotton cloth without bleaching, printing and dyeing processing and has a natural cotton fiber color of cotton cloth called primary cotton. It can be based on the coarse subdivision of gauze into city cloth, coarse cloth, fine cloth, they are characterized by: cloth thick, cloth flat, durable, shrinkage rate is larger. Can be used as a single cloth, blank accessories or shirt clothing materials.
(2) government silk is the main variety of cotton, both silk style. Its texture is fine and shiny, the cloth body is soft and smooth, wearing a comfortable, with flat-print tissue weaving. The structure of the silk is characterized by: the density of yarn than the density of the latitude yarn is about twice, the cloth body by yarn exposed area more than the latitude yarn, its raised part in the appearance of the cloth surface to form a clear diamond-shaped particles, coupled with its use of gauze quality is high, so the fabric pattern is clear, full particles, clean tight. However, there is a major disadvantage of the silk fabric, that is, with its sewn clothing prone to vertical cracks, because the silk, latitude density difference is too large, the strength between the longitude and latitude yarn imbalance, resulting in the merid intensity is greater than the latitude strength of nearly double the result.
(3) wool blue cloth general blank cloth before dyeing to be processed by burning hair, so that the cloth surface is flat, smooth, and wool blue cloth is not, before dyeing do not need to burn hair, dyeing after the cloth to retain a layer of fluff, so called "hair" blue cloth. Hair blue cloth is generally with blue dye dye dye, dyeing fastness is better, color generous, and has a more and more colorful feeling. Its specifications are a variety: woolly blue cloth, hairy blue cloth and so on. Generally suitable for outerwear, all over the city and country.
(4) plain cloth, bleaching cloth, printing cloth such cloth by all kinds of white cloth by printing and dyeing, bleaching. According to different colors are divided into plain cloth, bleach cloth, printed cloth.
: refers to a single color of cotton fabric, generally by silk treatment after dyeing.
bleaching cloth: the original color blank cloth after bleaching treatment and obtained the white appearance of cotton fabric, it can be divided into silk cloth and this light cloth two kinds. The surface of the silk cloth is smooth and shiny, and the surface of the glossy cloth is dull and the feel is rough. Bleach cloth is generally used to make underwear, sheets, etc.
: by the yarn lower white blank cloth by printing processing, there is silk light and this light two categories. This kind of cloth according to the printing way is different, its appearance effect is also different, mostly for the front color bright, the opposite is darker. Suitable for the production of women's and children's clothing.
varieties of cotton-type fabrics
1. Pure cotton
cotton fabric is woven from cotton yarn, a wide variety of fabrics, different colors. Cotton fabric, good breathability, strong moisture absorption, comfortable to wear, but there is a prominent disadvantage - after washing and wearing easy to wrinkle, deformation. It can be divided into primary cotton, dyeing cotton, printed cotton, color cotton, or according to the fabric structure is divided into flat cloth, twill cloth, forged cloth.
2. Cotton blend, interwoven fabrics
cotton and other fibers blended, interwoven fabrics, collectively known as cotton blends, interwoven fabrics. This includes the combination of cotton and other natural fibers, but also cotton and a variety of chemical fiber combination, usually cotton and chemical fiber combined into a variety of color varieties, both the advantages of practical fabrics.
(1) adhesive fiber and rich fiber and cotton mixed textiles generally use 33% cotton fiber, 67% adhesive fiber or rich fiber. This kind of fabric has the characteristics of wear resistance, strength higher than sticky fiber fabric, moisture absorption is better than cotton cloth, wet strength drop less, soft and smooth feel. The main varieties are sticky cotton cloth, fiber-rich cotton fabrics.
(2) polyester cotton fabrics usually use 35% cotton and 65% polyester blend. This fabric is mainly woven from high-branched flat-grained tissue, mostly used in light shirt cloth, thin flat cloth, silk and so on. Polyester cotton cloth commonly known as "really good", it not only maintains the polyester fiber strength is high, elastic recovery good characteristics, but also has the characteristics of strong moisture absorption of cotton fiber, easy to dye, wash without hot and dry. Polyester cotton varieties more specifications, there are primary color cloth, color cloth, printed cloth and color fabric.
(3) Veron and cotton blend fabrics. This fabric moisture absorption, permeability is very good, and because Veron resistant to salt water corrosion, so The Vey cotton mixed textile is suitable for the production of underwear, underwear, pajamas and so on. The disadvantage of ver cotton cloth is that the dyeing is not bright enough and the elasticity is poor. Its main varieties are Wei cotton city cloth, Wei cotton flat cloth, Wei cotton fine cloth and Wei cotton grid cloth and other color fabrics.
(4) propylene cotton fabrics will be acrylic short fibers and cotton in a 1:1 ratio of mixed flat tissue fabrics, commonly cprop cotton fine cloth and cotton yarn.
a. C cotton fine cloth: the use of 50% cotton and 50% acrylic blend of flat fabrics, its appearance is quite bracketed, small shrinkage rate, durable wear, easy to wash quickly dry, with polyester cotton fabric style. However, moisture absorption, heat resistance, light resistance is poor, suitable for the production of coats.
b. C cotton yarn: the use of 50% cotton and 50% acrylic or 65% acrylic and 35% cotton blend of thin fabric, the appearance of the same as cotton yarn fabric, but moisture absorption, light resistance, heat resistance is not as good as cotton yarn. Suitable for summer shirt materials or military raincoats, mosquito nets, etc. cotton fiber printing and dyeing
edit this paragraph back catalog cotton fiber dyeing formula: active dye (high temperature type) X;
requirements: in the above-mentioned dyeing bath, add pre-melted active dyes and additives, adjust pH-9, heat up to 70 degrees C insulation dyeing for 30 minutes, add sodium carbonate, so that pH-11. 5, solid color treatment for 30 minutes, cold wash, hot wash, soap washing, washing, dehydration, drying.
attached:
cotton fabric dyeing and finishing process
cotton fabric dyeing and finishing process selection, mainly according to the fabric varieties, specifications, finished product requirements, etc., can be divided into practice bleaching, dyeing, printing, finishing and so on.
1. The natural fibers contain impurities, which are added to the textile processing process, such as slurry, oils and contaminated dirt, the presence of these impurities, not only hinder the smooth progress of dyeing and finishing processing, but also affect the performance of the fabric. The purpose of the practice is to apply chemical and physical mechanical action, remove impurities on the fabric, so that the fabric white, soft, with good penetration properties to meet the requirements of taking, and for dyeing, printing, finishing to provide qualified semi-products.
the main process of pure cotton fabric processing are: raw cloth preparation, burning hair, pulping, cooking, bleaching, silk light. 1)