Controversial?

On March 26, 2021, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs held a briefing for diplomatic envoys to China on the joint scientific research on the traceability of the novel coronavirus between China and the World Health Organization, chaired by Yang Tao, Director of the International Department.

Feng Zijian, a member of the Chinese team and deputy director of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , said that experts have studied four possible ways for the virus to enter Wuhan: the virus spreads directly from animals to humans; the virus overflows through an "intermediate" host species that may undergo some adaptation.

Prevent the virus from spreading directly from animals to humans; the virus overflows through an "intermediate" host species that may undergo some adaptation, making it more suitable for infecting humans and spreading from person to person; the virus is through the food chain or contaminated food or The packaging was introduced through the food chain; the virus emerged as a result of laboratory-related accidents.

The hypothesis that the virus is transmitted through animals and cold chain food is the most likely.

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Danish scientist Peter Ben Embarek, a member of the WHO investigation team on the source of the new crown virus, said that the report is entering the finalization stage and it is confirmed that there are no minor errors.

Embarek, a member of the WHO's new crown virus source investigation team, at a joint press conference in Wuhan on February 9 (Reuters)

Embarek, a member of the WHO's new crown virus source investigation team, at a joint press conference in Wuhan on February 9 (Reuters)

The publication of the WHO investigation report has been delayed many times.

Michael Ryan, Executive Director of WHO's Health Emergencies Project, emphasized that WHO's activities to investigate the source of the virus in China are cooperative activities with China.

At the same time, Ryan added, “Out of respect for member states, the report will be shared with member states as a mission report for their consideration and discussion.

In fact, Ryan has made it clear before that this activity is not an independent investigation into errors.

 

The following is part of the joint WHO had published the results of the study together:

The following is part of the joint WHO had published the results of the study together:

First, the traceability research results on molecular epidemiology.

First, the traceability research results on molecular epidemiology.

Because most of the new viruses are derived from animals.

The first stage involves the virus's animal host before zoonotic transfer occurs .

The second stage is mainly to study the evolution of the new coronavirus in the human-to-human transmission after the zoonotic transfer occurs .

Some research evidence so far shows that the coronavirus that is most closely related to the new coronavirus has been found in bats and pangolins .

The expert team reviewed the data collected through the China National Center for Bioinformatics in its comprehensive database containing all available coronavirus sequences and metadata.
After linking the sequence of the cases found in Wuhan, China to their epidemiological background, the cases onset before December 31, 2019 were selected for in-depth analysis.
The analysis and research results show that among the cases exposed to the South China market, the viral genomes of several cases are the same, which indicates that these cases may be part of a cluster of cases.
However, the sequence also shows that a certain amount of virus diversity has existed in the early stage of the pandemic in Wuhan, indicating that there is a possibility of unsampled transmission chains outside of the South China market group.
Judging from the epidemiological parameters of raw meat exposure and fur animal exposure, there is no obvious clustering of cases.
However, the sequence also shows that a certain amount of virus diversity has existed in the early stage of the pandemic in Wuhan, indicating that there is a possibility of unsampled transmission chains outside of the South China market group.
Judging from the epidemiological parameters of raw meat exposure and fur animal exposure, there is no obvious clustering of cases.

Through literature review, there are some data on the early circulation of the new coronavirus in the published research literature.
Research on these data in different countries has found that the circulation of the new coronavirus may be several weeks earlier than the initial detection of the case.
The detection time of some suspected positive samples was even earlier than the first case in Wuhan, suggesting that missed diagnosis in other areas cannot be ruled out.
These missed diagnoses and diseases are closely related to the characteristics of the new coronavirus.
This is a basic judgment we have obtained through analysis of some relevant data around the world.

Through literature review, there are some data on the early circulation of the new coronavirus in the published research literature.
Research on these data in different countries has found that the circulation of the new coronavirus may be several weeks earlier than the initial detection of the case.
The detection time of some suspected positive samples was even earlier than the first case in Wuhan, suggesting that missed diagnosis in other areas cannot be ruled out.
These missed diagnoses and diseases are closely related to the characteristics of the new coronavirus.
This is a basic judgment we have obtained through analysis of some relevant data around the world.

Second, the results of epidemiological traceability.

Second, the results of epidemiological traceability.
Second, the results of epidemiological traceability.

Influenza-like illness and severe respiratory disease (SARI) monitoring combined with appropriate laboratory confirmation is a standard measure to measure the impact of influenza and other respiratory viruses on the population.
to confirmCoronavirus disease

Influenza-like illness and severe respiratory disease (SARI) monitoring combined with appropriate laboratory confirmation is a standard measure to measure the impact of influenza and other respiratory viruses on the population.
to confirmCoronavirus disease The results of the study showed that in the second half of 2019, there was no unrecognized circulation of the new coronavirus of a certain scale in Wuhan.

Through the preservation of laboratory samples and other traceability work.
Retrospective testing of more than 4,500 specimens of research projects preserved in hospitals in Wuhan, other regions of Hubei Province and other provinces in the second half of 2019 has also not found the existence of the new coronavirus.
Analysis of the purchase of antipyretics, cold medicines and cough medicines in retail pharmacies failed to provide useful information on early community activities of the new coronavirus.

Through the preservation of laboratory samples and other traceability work.
Retrospective testing of more than 4,500 specimens of research projects preserved in hospitals in Wuhan, other regions of Hubei Province and other provinces in the second half of 2019 has also not found the existence of the new coronavirus.
Analysis of the purchase of antipyretics, cold medicines and cough medicines in retail pharmacies failed to provide useful information on early community activities of the new coronavirus.

From July to December 2019, in Wuhan City and other cities in Hubei Province except Wuhan, the monitoring data for all causes of death and pneumonia death showed no evidence of unexpected fluctuations in death trends.
It does not indicate that the spread of the new crown virus among the population occurred before December 2019 .
For 233 medical institutions in Wuhan, from October 1st to December 10th, 2019, due to four diseases or symptoms, these four diseases or symptoms include fever, acute respiratory disease, flu-like illness and unexplained pneumonia.
A total of more than 70,000 cases of patients with one of the symptoms or diseases in medical institutions were carefully searched.
At the same time, blood samples of some patients were collected for relevant antibody tests, and the results were all negative.

From July to December 2019, in Wuhan City and other cities in Hubei Province except Wuhan, the monitoring data for all causes of death and pneumonia death showed no evidence of unexpected fluctuations in death trends.
It does not indicate that the spread of the new crown virus among the population occurred before December 2019 .
For 233 medical institutions in Wuhan, from October 1st to December 10th, 2019, due to four diseases or symptoms, these four diseases or symptoms include fever, acute respiratory disease, flu-like illness and unexplained pneumonia.
A total of more than 70,000 cases of patients with one of the symptoms or diseases in medical institutions were carefully searched.
At the same time, blood samples of some patients were collected for relevant antibody tests, and the results were all negative.

Subsequently, multidisciplinary experts were organized to conduct serious research, judgment and investigation, and no cases of new coronary pneumonia were found.
For within the first outbreak in December 2019 for two months, other potential cases in Wuhan retrospective search, also found no evidence of new cases occur crown viral infection.
Combined with other monitoring data, it is unlikely that the scale of new coronavirus infections in Wuhan within the above two months is very high.

Subsequently, multidisciplinary experts were organized to conduct serious research, judgment and investigation, and no cases of new coronary pneumonia were found.
For expert Later, multidisciplinary organization be carefully judged, the investigation found no cases of pneumonia exist to meet the new crown.
For within the first outbreak in December 2019 for two months, other potential cases in Wuhan retrospective search, also found no evidence of new cases occur crown viral infection.
Combined with other monitoring data, it is unlikely that the scale of new coronavirus infections in Wuhan within the above two months is very high.
In the two months before the outbreak in December 2019, a retrospective search for other potential cases in Wuhan City did not find evidence of the occurrence of new coronavirus infections.
Combined with other monitoring data, it is unlikely that the scale of new coronavirus infections in Wuhan within the above two months is very high.

In December 2019, the spread of infection may have occurred in Wuhan.
Since some of the early cases are related to the South China Seafood Market, some cases are related to other markets, and some cases are not related to any market, so we are preliminary It is determined that the South China Seafood Market is likely to be an outbreak of the virus, but at the same time, there seems to be a possibility of transmission in other places in Wuhan.
Based on current data, it is impossible to determine how the virus was introduced into the South China market or other markets.

In December 2019, the spread of infection may have occurred in Wuhan.
Since some of the early cases are related to the South China Seafood Market, some cases are related to other markets, and some cases are not related to any market, so we are preliminary It is determined that the South China Seafood Market is likely to be an outbreak of the virus, but at the same time, there seems to be a possibility of transmission in other places in Wuhan.
Based on current data, it is impossible to determine how the virus was introduced into the South China market or other markets.

Third, the traceability research of animals and the environment.

Third, the traceability research of animals and the environment.
Third, the traceability research of animals and the environment.

People have discovered some coronaviruses that are phylogenetically related to the new coronavirus in different animals, including chrysanthemum bats and pangolins.
Then, the bat samples taken in Hubei Province did not find some evidence of the new coronavirus-related virus, and the sampling of wild animals across China has not found the existence of the new coronavirus.
Environmental sampling after the closure of the South China market showed that the environment was generally contaminated by the new coronavirus, suggesting that this market may introduce viruses through infected persons, contaminated cold chain products, animals and animal products.

People have discovered some coronaviruses that are phylogenetically related to the new coronavirus in different animals, including chrysanthemum bats and pangolins.
People have discovered some coronaviruses that are phylogenetically related to the new coronavirus in different animals, including chrysanthemum bats and pangolins.
Then, the bat samples taken in Hubei Province did not find some evidence of the new coronavirus-related virus, and the sampling of wild animals across China has not found the existence of the new coronavirus.
Environmental sampling after the closure of the South China market showed that the environment was generally contaminated by the new coronavirus, suggesting that this market may introduce viruses through infected persons, contaminated cold chain products, animals and animal products.

In this study, none of the animal samples collected on the market had positive results, and we have not yet conducted relevant tests for cold chain products.
The new coronavirus can survive under the conditions of frozen food, packaging and cold chain products.
The index cases in the recent outbreak in China are related to the cold chain, which indicates that the virus can not only survive for a long time at low temperatures, but also at refrigerator temperatures.
Survival indicates that the ability of the virus to spread and its role in spreading needs to be further strengthened in the low temperature and humid environment.

In this study, none of the animal samples collected on the market had positive results, and we have not conducted relevant tests for cold chain products.
The new coronavirus can survive under the conditions of frozen food, packaging and cold chain products.
The index cases in the recent outbreak in China are related to the cold chain, which indicates that the virus can not only survive for a long time at low temperatures, but also at refrigerator temperatures.
Survival indicates that the ability of the virus to spread and its role in spreading needs to be further strengthened in the low temperature and humid environment.
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