Commuting for more than 20 minutes, the risk of cancer is as high as 10%

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In California, USA, more than 1.

People who have been in the car for a long time may be exposed to higher concentrations of harmful substances .

78% of commuters have at least 10% chance of being exposed to benzene and developing cancer; 63% of commuters have at least 10% chance of being exposed to formaldehyde and developing cancer.

AalekhyaReddam et al.

AalekhyaReddam et al.

Benzene, formaldehyde, diester phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), triphosphate (TDCIPP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) and diisononyl phthalate (DINP) Benzene, formaldehyde, diester phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), triphosphate (TDCIPP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) and two phthalate Isononyl ester (DINP)

Both benzene and formaldehyde are volatile organic compounds, and these chemicals are easily emitted into the air.

Researchers at the University of California, Riverside believe that the presence of benzene and formaldehyde in the air poses a higher threat to the health of office workers than the harmful substances detected in interior items .

The presence of benzene and formaldehyde in the air poses a higher threat to the health of office workers.

TDCIPP is a commonly used flame retardant used to make vehicle dashboards.

Estimated daily dose of TDCIPP, DBP and DEHP intake (μg/day), and estimated daily dose of benzene and formaldehyde inhalation in the air (μg/day) for 24 hours.

Estimated daily dose of TDCIPP, DBP and DEHP intake (μg/day), and estimated daily dose of benzene and formaldehyde inhalation in the air (μg/day) for 24 hours.

The concentration of chemical substances in the air in the car is even higher than the concentration in the dust.

Distribution of daily doses (μg/day) of chemicals found in dust (A) and air (B) in the car with commuting time

Distribution of daily doses (μg/day) of chemicals found in dust (A) and air (B) in the car with commuting time

According to California regulations, the reference value of the daily dose of a special chemical substance is expressed as RfDs%, and the probability of exceeding the standard is taken as a function of the reference value of the daily dose.

When RfD%>100 indicates that the daily dose of the chemical substance ingested exceeds the safe range When RfD%>100 indicates that the daily dose of the chemical substance ingested exceeds the safe range

Cancer risk associated with exposure to benzene (A) or formaldehyde (B)

Cancer risk associated with exposure to benzene (A) or formaldehyde (B)

Probability curve (C) of the excess probability of reproductive and developmental toxicity risk (MADL) associated with benzene exposure

Probability curve (C) of the excess probability of reproductive and developmental toxicity risk (MADL) associated with benzene exposure

The probability of the three chemical substances RfD%>100 as a function of commuting time (D)

The probability of the three chemical substances RfD%>100 as a function of commuting time (D)

The content of chemicals that may cause reproductive and developmental toxicity is labeled with MADL.

The content of chemicals that may cause reproductive and developmental toxicity is labeled with MADL.

Researchers believe that the emissions of these volatile organic compounds may decrease with the increase in vehicle age, total vehicle mileage, ventilation rate, and decrease in temperature or relative humidity in the vehicle.

Reddam recommends that commuters keep their windows as open as possible during the ride.
She said: "At least in the case of air circulation, you will dilute the concentration of these chemicals in the car.
"

Volz said: "There should be substitutes for these chemicals, and we should use substitutes.
"

In many regions, vehicle emissions have become the main source of air pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), volatile organic compounds or hydrocarbons (hc), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) .
Increasing traffic congestion may greatly increase the emission of these pollutants and reduce air quality.
According to epidemiological studies, emissions of pollutants increase the risk of morbidity and mortality for drivers, commuters, and individuals living near highways.

On April 15, 2013, a study published on Air pollution and health risks due to vehicle traffic showed that traffic during peak hours from Monday to Friday may pose a threat to the health of people on and around the road.

Traffic during peak hours from Monday to Friday may pose a threat to the health of people on and around the highway.
Traffic during peak hours from Monday to Friday may pose a threat to the health of people on and around the highway.

The researchers assumed that drivers and commuters were driving on a constant traffic section during the morning and evening rush hours of each working day, and assessed the health risks of drivers and commuters.

Table 1 and Table 2 respectively show that the number of cars varies from 1,000 cars per hour to 10,000 cars per hour, and the health risks change accordingly.

Table 1 and Table 2 respectively show that the number of cars varies from 1,000 cars per hour to 10,000 cars per hour, and the health risks change accordingly.

Incremental risk (an increase in personal health risk for every additional car driven) mainly depends on emission factors, the relationship between nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxides, and the delay time.
The incremental risk will increase with the increase in traffic volume.
Under the same traffic volume, the health risk in the morning rush hour is 20-40% higher than that in the afternoon rush hour , mainly due to poor dispersion conditions in the morning.

The incremental risk will increase with the increase in traffic volume.
Under the same traffic volume, the health risk in the morning rush hour increases by 20-40% compared to the afternoon rush hour.
The incremental risk will increase with the increase in traffic volume.
Under the same traffic volume, the health risk in the morning rush hour is 20-40% higher than that in the afternoon rush hour

Previous epidemiological studies on taxi drivers have found that their occupations are related to different forms of cancer (including lung cancer, bladder cancer, esophageal cancer,Gastric cancer and rectal cancer) are significantly related.
Vehicle emissions have a negative impact on human health, including increased medsci.
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Traffic pollution has raised concerns about public relations health issues.
The WHO published "The Impact of Traffic Pollution on Health" in which the article pointed out that thousands of people are affected by traffic pollution every year.
Quite a few people live near highways, so in addition to drivers, these people may also be exposed to high levels of air pollution.

Stomach cancer medsci.
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People who are more heavily polluted by traffic include residents, commuters, pedestrians, and road maintenance workers who live near vehicular dense roads.
As urban planning and development have also expanded the level of population exposure, the proportion of the population exposed to air pollution is increasing.

In the next ten years, due to continued urbanization, more and more people may be affected by transportation-related emissions (black smoke and ozone, etc.
), and may even increase the risk of non-allergic respiratory infections and inflammation.

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