Comment: the west is short of water but not short of water

OA show ('918 '); ecological environment includes many aspects Since today, science and technology Weekly has set up a special forum for discussion I hope people from all walks of life can contribute actively and express their opinions It has been proposed that to solve the problem of water sources in the west, we should carry out the "south to North Water Transfer" plan, that is, to introduce part of the water from the Yarlung Zangbo River and the three rivers (Jinsha River, Lancang River and Nujiang River) across the whole Qinghai Tibet Plateau to Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu and other provinces and regions The author thinks that it is not necessary to carry out the "south to North Water Transfer" project, which requires huge investment and takes a long time to realize; based on the characteristics and current situation of water resources in Northwest China, the problem of surface water shortage in part of Northwest China can be solved by "taking local materials" and adopting different ways of "slicing" This scheme has less investment and quick effect In the past, there was little water in the northwest, but no water shortage The main reason why the water in the northwest is less than that in the East is due to the combined effect of geological process and geographical location However, the northwest is only short of water, but it is not short of water In the geological history, although the water in the northwest is less than that in the East, it has never affected the previous activities of reproduction and development of economy and culture It can be said that there is "little water but no water shortage" Now - the surface layer is lack of water, and the deep layer is still not lack of water The problem of water shortage of the surface layer in Northwest China is mainly a matter of several hundred years since the Ming and Qing Dynasties In particular, since the late Qing Dynasty, the vicious circle caused by the combination of natural factors (high latitude continental monsoon) and human factors (deforestation and other serious damage to the natural ecological environment) has formed a rapid desertification, resulting in the "shalai people run" evil results It is a fact that the rainfall in the northwest is less than that in the East, but the water consumption in the northwest is less than that in the East except the evaporation That is to say, the population in the northwest is small and the water consumption is small; the industry in the northwest is small and the water consumption is small; the agricultural cultivated land in the northwest is small and the water consumption is small; the vast majority of the inland rivers in the northwest flow little to the outside It can be said that the rainfall (water) in the northwest is less than that in the East, while the water consumption and loss are less than that in the East So where is the precipitation in the northwest, the inland river water and the melting water of glaciers in the mountains? This requires a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of the desert: the permeability of the desert is very strong, except that the surface water of the sand is rapidly evaporated, most of the rest of the surface water is rapidly permeated and preserved to the bottom of the sand layer and the bedrock layer buried by it, forming a "small semi underground reservoir" Moreover, in geomorphology, the sand is deposited in the depression and the water flows to the lower part The two areas are completely consistent Therefore, in the bottom of each desert and the bedrock layer covered by it, there should be different scales of semi groundwater and groundwater In the future, water resources that can be developed and utilized in Northwest China can be roughly divided into three types: "melting water of alpine glaciers", "introduction of part of river water flowing abroad" and "semi underground and underground water" The distribution areas of these three types of water resources are different, so it is necessary to plan as a whole, take local materials according to local conditions, and develop in different ways The first is to develop the glacial melt water of Kunlun Mountain and Karakorum mountain, to solve the water consumption in southwest, South, Qaidam Basin and its southern margin of Xinjiang; the second is to develop the glacial melt water of Qilian Mountain, to solve the water consumption in Hexi Corridor and the northern margin of Qaidam Basin; the third is to develop the glacial melt water of Tianshan Mountain, to solve the water consumption in the northern and southern foothills of Tianshan Mountain; the fourth is to flow the Erqis River and Ili River abroad The first part is to introduce the northern Xinjiang (including Junggar basin) to solve the problem of water use in the northern Xinjiang; the fourth is to develop the semi underground water and underground water under the Taklimakan desert to solve the problem of water use in the hinterland of Tarim Basin; the fifth is to develop the semi underground water and underground water under the Taklimakan desert to solve the problem of water use in the hinterland of Tarim Basin; the sixth is to develop the underground water in the eastern Xinjiang to solve the problem of water use in the Shandong Province of Hami The seventh is to develop the semi underground water and underground water under the north foot of Longshou mountain and Badain Jilin desert, and to solve the problem of water use in the west of Inner Mongolia (West of Langshan); the eighth is to develop the semi underground water and underground water under the West foot of Helan Mountain and Tengger Desert, and to solve the problem of water use in the west of Helan Mountain; the ninth is to develop the semi underground water and underground water under the northwest edge of Ordos Basin and Maowusu Desert The tenth is to develop the groundwater in the Shanxi foot and the east foot of Liupan and the southwest edge of Ordos Basin, and to solve the water use in the south of Ningxia and the east of Gansu Geng Shufang, researcher of Institute of geology, Chinese Academy of Geosciences, China feed industry information network ITA (author:)