Cold thinking of cows after heat

Introduction: in recent years, with the rapid expansion of dairy consumption market, dairy farming has also been rising all the way, especially since last year, when the beef cattle industry has slipped to a low level, the dairy industry has become the preferred industry for many farmers, and the riders are like clouds But behind the bustle of the dairy industry, there are also many problems worthy of attention In the past two years, local governments in the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure vigorously called for the development of herbivores and livestock, and many places went out to buy cattle Beef cattle industry was once hot The price of ordinary beef cattle is off the mark The price of calves sold for several months ranges from 1400 yuan to 1500 yuan, and that of cows aged one or two ranges from 2400 yuan to 2500 yuan However, the beef consumption market has not expanded greatly Therefore, the "hot" bull market has gradually become calm after the speculation Just as the beef and cattle industry is in a recession, some well-known domestic dairy processing enterprises are marching to all parts of the country to expand the milk source base In addition, some local governments think that the dairy processing can make contributions to local finance, and they try their best to recruit "merchants" to introduce Enterprises Under the condition that the milk source base is not fully developed, the processing enterprises are ahead of schedule and repeatedly constructed, leading to some problems The local milk supply is in short supply for a while The bustling scene of dairy industry makes those beef cattle owners who are in a low ebb and are worried about nothing to show their eyes, find the feeling of "bright future", think that the development of dairy industry has a promising future, so they "abandon meat and milk" In some areas, beef cattle fattening farms and beef cattle feeding communities have changed their production to raise cows This kind of "windy" development trend is bound to cause a new round of meat and milk fluctuations: the number of people who raise beef cattle sharply decreases, the supply of beef market tightens, and the new "beef fever" is driven; on the contrary, the dairy industry is "dry and fast", the milk source base has been built, and the dairy farmers will not reap the annual profit of several thousand yuan, but where the "white flower" milk falls Worry In this kind of windy and disordered development, it is the farmers' friends who are most affected When the brain is hot, the preparation is insufficient, and the benefit is low Affected by the "cow fever", some farmers do not fully investigate and prepare, and cannot "fix livestock by grass, livestock by finance, livestock by technology and livestock by sale" As a result, forage grass cannot be solved on the spot, and it needs to be purchased in other places at a high price; blind loans, debt management, and turnover difficulties; lack of technology and management experience, poor management; no stable milk sales Channel, benefit is damaged At present, there are four ways to improve the overall quality of dairy cattle: one is to introduce them directly from abroad; the other is to buy from the main production areas of domestic dairy cattle; the third is to obtain them by embryo transfer or cold combination improvement; the fourth is to raise cattle by themselves The first way is to purchase dairy cows with complicated procedures and high price (about 20000 yuan per head) Although the quality is guaranteed, there are few mass buyers The second way to buy cows is common However, due to the wide genetic basis, short breeding history and still in the process of improvement, the quality of Chinese Holstein cattle is uneven and the milk yield is generally low Especially in some main production areas of dairy cattle, the quality of the dairy cattle purchased by the majority of farmers is difficult to be guaranteed by using improper means such as "hair color fire local oil", "inlaying teeth", "grinding teeth" and "Filing horns" to deceive the farmers who do not know the goods In the third way, there are many practical difficulties for farmers to obtain high-yield cows by embryo transfer Embryo transfer requires a certain scale of cattle and cow groups The cost of calves can be relatively reduced by using the technology of oestrus in the same period and mass production However, at present, the cattle breeding in China is still based on thousands of households, and it is difficult to organize a group of cattle to have oestrus in the same period In addition, the price of the transplanted calves is relatively expensive, so the farmers can not be expected to reach them However, it is often necessary to obtain high-yield cows by cold matching Being cheated by some breeding personnel with poor professional ethics with low-quality and low yield particles, they can't produce good individuals The fourth way is to get milk cow by self breeding and self breeding, and the quality is not guaranteed In recent years, the country has issued a series of standards related to pollution-free milk production, but most of these standards are still "lying" in the office of the government functional departments Affected by the system, the grass-roots agricultural technology promotion team is seriously lacking, which makes the promotion and implementation of "standards" slow and difficult In actual production, the vast majority of dairy households do not know what "standards" exist for raising cows, what "rules" should be followed for feeding and drug use, and what systems are available for epidemic prevention and disinfection All these problems will not only affect the milk production, but also affect the quality and safety of milk, and pose a threat to the health of consumers The living environment of dairy cows is poor, and "welfare treatment" is not guaranteed Some farmers with economic difficulties do not build special cowhouses, tie them up in the open all the year round, do not prevent cold in winter or summer; some are simply raised in low and shabby houses or caves, with poor ventilation and light, dark and humid, dirty air, and insufficient sports ground; some raise cows in the planned courtyard, with narrow space, and the cows are tied or "standing stakes" for a long time ”It's hard to have enough movement Even in some large-scale dairy farms, in order to save land, limited feeding and bolting are often used to reduce the area of the dairy playground Some farmers who changed meat into milk raised cows in beef cattle pens, which was very unscientific The operation and management are not scientific How can we feel that some small-scale dairy farms lack scientific and strict management system Instead of relying on the system to manage people, we rely on people to manage people The chief's mouth is the system Follow the feeling Some dairy communities lack of management organizations, and the farmers in the area are in a state of dissociation, doing their own things, fighting their own way, and the management methods are also varied When asked about the annual income of a cow in the household survey, no one can say an accurate number When asking if there are any production records, it is often said that as long as we remember how much milk we sell, what records we need, that's too much trouble The purchasing cow did not know to ask for genealogical data, and could not understand the production performance of the purchased cow; there were no records of materials used, drugs used, oestrus, breeding, pregnancy, delivery, milk production, epidemic prevention, disinfection, treatment, feed consumption, etc in the production process In this way, the production experience cannot be summarized in time, the cost that should be reduced cannot be reduced, the links that should be strengthened cannot be strengthened, the management level cannot be raised, the production level cannot be improved, and there is no way to reduce costs and increase efficiency The quality of fresh milk is affected because of the short history of dairy development in China, the lack of experience and technology of the masses in raising dairy cows, and the great randomness in raising At present, there are three feeding trends: one is to raise cows as cattle, with more coarse feed and less fine feed, and even only feed straw without feeding; the other is to feed silage only, with less high-quality hay; the third is to feed more fine feed and less coarse feed The above phenomenon results in the unbalanced nutrition of dairy cows, which affects the milk yield and the quality of raw milk.