Clin Cancer Res: Intestinal bacteria predict the response of patients with advanced rectal cancer to new assisted chemotherapy!

Intestinal bacteriologies (GM) are involved in anti-tumor immunotherapy and chemotherapy responses, however, there is still less evidence-based research on the efficacy of intestinal bacteriologies in predicting the efficacy of new assisted chemotherapy (nCRT) in patients with localized advanced rectal cancer (LARC).
this forward-looking longitudinal study is intended to assess the feasibility of predicting nCRT reactions in the gut microbiome.
researchers collected 167 stool samples from 84 LARC patients before and after nCRT treatment and 16S rRNA sequencing from 31 healthy people.
patients were divided into a response group and a non-response group based on the pathological response to nCRT.
identified microbial biomarkers associated with nCRT reactions, the researchers constructed a random forest classifier from baseline samples from 37 patients and validated it in another group of 47 patients.
significant microbiome changes were observed by bacillus researchers after treatment in patients with LARC and in patients with baseline bacteria treated with healthy control, as shown by a decrease in LARC-related pathogens and an increase in lactic acid bacteria and streptococcus during NCRT.
, there were significant microbial differences in baseline samples of respondents and non-respondents.
Microorganisms associated with butylate production, including Roche, Dorsey, and Anaerobic Lollipop, are the dominant bacterium groups among respondents, while Erythyl and Clostridium difficile are dominant among respondents.
reaction-prediction classifier performance selected 10 biomarkers as reaction-predicted classifiers, including Dorsey, Anaerobic lollipop and streptococcus, with AAUC as high as 93.57% (95% CI 85.76%-100%) in the training queue and 73.53% (58.96%-88.11%) in the validation queue.
addition, the gut microbiome provides new potential biomarkers for predicting patients' responses to nCRT treatment, and the results provide important guidance for the clinical management of such patients.