China's grain production capacity will be restored

Introduction: according to the American Association for food and agricultural policy research and investigation in Hua county, Henan Province, one of China's top 100 grain counties, farmers are digging wells for spring irrigation Different from the past, every farmer who dug a well in the grain field will get a reward and subsidy from the government according to the depth of the well This is a new method adopted by Henan Province to increase financial support for agriculture this year At present, it is spring ploughing, and all parts of China are actively preparing for sowing According to the spirit of "No.1 Document" issued recently by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, local governments have issued a variety of policy measures to mobilize farmers' enthusiasm for grain production Sichuan province implements the goal management of grain production, signs the responsibility statement at all levels, and implements the planned grain production area of the whole year one by one according to varieties and regions; Jilin province carries out the activities of contacting million households of agricultural departments to support agricultural production and increase farmers' income, and defines the goal responsibility; Hunan, Shandong and other provinces organize million agricultural science and technology personnel to carry out the activities of sending science and technology to the countryside According to the data collected by the Ministry of agriculture, in 2003, the area of grain planted in autumn and winter in China was about 360 million mu, a year-on-year decrease of 0.5%, which effectively curbed the sharp decline of grain area This year, the planned area of grain sown in spring is 752 million mu, an increase of more than 20 million mu, showing the trend of grain area changing from decreasing to increasing Some agricultural experts believe that in the past few years, China's grain production has been reduced year after year, leading to the decline of the total grain output Although there are many reasons, the most important one is undoubtedly that the enthusiasm of grain farmers has declined with the decline of income The No.1 document issued at the beginning of the new year is a major decision made to protect and improve the grain production capacity and increase the income of farmers according to the actual situation of agriculture, rural economic development and farmers' income increase in the main grain production areas To a certain extent, it stimulates the enthusiasm of farmers in grain production Therefore, China's grain production capacity is expected to recover Tang Renjian, director of the office of the central leading group for finance and economics, said that the first article of the first document was to focus on supporting the development of grain production in major grain producing areas, and introduced a series of supporting policies such as "tax reduction" and "direct subsidy" It is gratifying that many provinces and cities are making further efforts to implement these policies For example, "tax reduction", No 1 document stipulates that "the agricultural tax rate in 2004 will be reduced by 1 percentage point in general", in fact, Heilongjiang will be reduced by 1.2 percentage points, Anhui will be reduced by 1.4 percentage points, including the total elimination of agricultural tax surcharges; other provinces will propose to reduce 4 percentage points within three years In the aspect of "direct subsidy", No.1 document stipulates that the state provides part of the funds from the grain risk fund for the direct subsidy of grain farmers in the main production areas As a result, each region has provided no less than 1 / 3 of the funds from the grain risk fund, and the ratio of Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan and other major grain producing provinces has exceeded 40% In addition, there are policies such as good seed subsidies, adjustment of the net income expenditure structure of land transfer fees, special expenditure for grain production, purchase of agricultural machinery subsidies, and expansion of credit scale, which have not been implemented for many years Han Jun, head of the Rural Department of the development research center of the State Council, pointed out that the cultivated land area and grain planting area in China's main grain producing areas account for more than 60% of the country's total, and the grain output accounts for about 70% of the country's total Protecting and improving the grain production capacity of the main production areas will stabilize the overall situation of the whole country Since this year, China will implement the high-quality grain industry project and build a batch of national high-quality special grain bases According to the plan, nine superior industrial belts will be established in 13 provinces and regions in China, namely, three high-quality special wheat industrial belts in the Huang Huai Hai Plain, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain and the foothills of Daxing'anling; two special corn industrial belts in the northeast and the Huang Huai Hai Plain; three high-quality rice industrial belts in the northeast and the Yangtze River Basin; and high-oil soybean industrial belts in the northeast And build a batch of production bases in the basic balance area of grain production and marketing in the West To solve the problem of eating in China, the most populous country in the world, has always been an important issue that the Chinese government attaches great importance to It is precisely because the Chinese government attaches great importance to the grain problem and takes effective measures to improve grain production that China's grain harvests year after year, and its inventory increases substantially The grain supply has achieved a historic change from a long-term shortage to a basic balance of the total amount and a surplus in a good year However, China's total grain output turned a turning point in 1998, after reaching 510 million tons in that year, showing a continuous decline Experts believe that this is caused by the changes in the supply and demand relationship of agricultural products market in the past few years and the oversupply of agricultural products The low price of agricultural products, the weak market demand, the low efficiency of grain production and the difficulty of increasing farmers' income in the main production areas have greatly frustrated farmers' enthusiasm for grain production From 1998 to 2002, the growth rate of per capita net income of farmers in 8 major grain producing provinces in Central China was lower than the national average level for five consecutive years Wu Jingshan, a researcher at Henan Price Research Institute, said that since October last year, the price of China's grain market has been on the rise, which is a recovery increase after the price of grain, cotton, oil and other products has been declining for many years, and a return to a low level This price rise is extremely beneficial to increase farmers' income and will make more farmers invest in grain production The Ministry of Agriculture plans to produce 910 billion jin of grain in 2004 It should be said that from this year on, the gap between current grain production and demand will gradually narrow.