China's dry chili market and industry research and analysis report

In order to guide and serve the market information and promote the healthy development of characteristic industries in poor areas, the Marketing and Information Technology Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs organized experts from relevant institutions such as the Agricultural Monitoring and Early Warning Branch of the Chinese Agricultural Society, the Agricultural University of China, the Chinese Academy of Thermal Sciences and the China Edible Bacteria Association to form a series of research reports on the market and industry analysis of specialty agricultural products.
agreed by the Marketing and Information Technology Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, china's agricultural monitoring and early warning website and WeChat Public Number will reproduce the full text of the "Special Agricultural Products Market and Industry Analysis and Research Report."
is not only an important condiment in the diet of Chinese residents, but also a pillar industry of agriculture in some areas, which plays an important role in promoting rural economic development and increasing farmers' income.
2019, the Agricultural Monitoring and Early Warning Branch of the Chinese Agricultural Society organized experts from Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other units to conduct special research on the dry chili market and industrial development.
Overall, in recent years, China's dry chili raw materials planting area and production area and production area is relatively concentrated, the demand for chili processing products is rising rapidly, the number of deep processing enterprises has increased, hot pot and other catering and leisure food processing industry has become an important force to drive the development of dry chili industry.
three-product fusion development model of dried chili peppers basically formed, covering raw material breeding, planting, processing, trade, catering and other complete industrial chain.
the scale of dry chili production in the next few years will be further expanded, consumption will continue to maintain stable growth, imports and exports have maintained an upward trend.
, dry chili industry development status quo (1) production 1. Area, production growth.
2010-2018, The harvest area and output of dried chili raw materials in China showed a steady growth trend.
2018 harvest area of 716.3 million mu, an increase of 11.05 percent over 2010, a total output of 321.2 million tons, an increase of 21.21 percent over 2010, a yield of 448.62 kg per acre, an increase of 9.14 percent over 2010 (Table 1).
2. The main production area gradually shifted to the northwest and other areas.
according to the national chili industry system research and related literature, there are currently 24 provinces and regions in China to produce dry chili raw materials.
recent years, due to some traditional production areas affected by pests and diseases, weather and other factors, dry chili pepper production to the northwest and other areas, the current planting area and output in the northwest region accounted for 67%, 65% of the country.
3. Production patterns vary in the main production areas.
The three main producing areas of central, southwest and northwest China have different production modes of dried chili peppers, with the middle-producing areas of China mainly dominated by wheat, garlic and onion varieties, the southwest producing areas mainly using corn, vegetable intersection or net as the main, and the northwest producing areas mainly with net as the main.
4. The global production-to-trade competitiveness index declined.
according to FAO data, China's total dry chili production in 2010 ranked 2nd in the world, in 2017 fell to 3rd place.
's dry chili trade competitiveness index fell from 0.98 in 2016 to 0.72 in 2017 (in third place), and international competitiveness declined.
(ii) consumption 1. Mainly condiments, industrial consumption accounted for a relatively low.
china's dried chili peppers to process for chili powder, chili sauce, hot pot base and other forms, as residents of food and beverage condiments and casual food accessories.
as a raw material for deep processing products, such as capsaicin and capsaicin products.
rough estimate of China's different forms of consumption accounted for 85% of the total, industrial deep processing consumption accounted for 15%.
2. The consumption area is still dominated by spicy areas.
China's dry chili sales areas are mainly concentrated in Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hunan, Hubei, Shaanxi and other spicy areas, such as Hunan and Hubei are dry chili primary processing products demand province, the annual consumption of a total of 450,000 tons.
At present, the production of dried chili peppers in most of China's spicy provinces and regions can not meet the market consumption demand, Hunan, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Chongqing, Sichuan, Shaanxi need to transfer a large number of dried peppers.
(iii) processing circulation 1. More primary processing enterprises, the development of deep processing industry accelerated.
because of the simple production process, market demand is broader and other factors, dry chili early processing production enterprises more.
years, the development of deep-processed products such as capsaicin and capsaicin has gradually accelerated.
2. The circulation is large and the channels are diversified.
, China's dried chili peppers are mainly sold through wholesale markets, farmers' markets, e-commerce, supermarkets, etc., of which about 90% are collected through wholesale markets.
, e-commerce marketing volume gradually increased, old dry mother, underwater fishing and other enterprises have opened online stores for auxiliary marketing.
(iv) Imports and exports 1. Imports and exports are on the rise.
imports and exports of dried chili peppers showed a steady growth trend, with imports of dried chili peppers increasing by 875.6% and 74% in 2018 to 40,000 tons and US$76 million, respectively. 4.4%, with exports of 2495 million tons and $584 million, respectively, an increase of 33.8% and 37.4% over 2014, with import growth significantly higher than export growth.
2. The main source of imports is India, with export markets concentrated in Europe and Asia.
In 2014-2019, china's share of dried chili imports from India remained above 95%, china's exports to Europe and Asia remained at 45% and 20% respectively, and the share of exports to North America rose from 2% in 2014 to 29% in 2018.
(v) Market price 1. The overall price is on the rise.
variety of dried chili peppers in China, it is difficult to judge the whole market according to the price of a kind of dried chili peppers.
To this end, in accordance with the calculation method of the stock trading index, China has launched shandong Wucheng Yingchao pepper price index and Guizhou Zunyi Tian pepper (dry pepper) wholesale price index, price information from Henan, Shanxi, Shandong and other top ten producing areas of chili market.
Comparing the same period with the Wucheng Yingchao Pepper Price Index on the 15th of each month, the price index in 2017 and 2018 was relatively stable, the price index fluctuated significantly in 2019, rising faster in the first half of the year and gradually falling in the second half, with the average price index rising by 37.55% and 36.42% respectively compared to 2018 and 2017.
2. The market price of different transactions varies greatly.
the national chili distribution market mainly has Henan Yancheng County, Guizhou shrimp town, Shandong Wucheng County, Yunnan Married Town, Hebei Chize County and so on.
affected by regional consumption, the same variety of dried chili peppers in different wholesale market price trends are different.
e.g. in 2019, Shandong Wucheng pepper trading market to the sky pepper prices first rose and then fell, Guizhou Province Zunyi shrimp town pepper trading market to the sky pepper price trend is the complete opposite;
3. The price movements of different types of chili peppers in the same market are similar.
Comparing shandong Wucheng Yiduhong, American red and three cherry peppers and Guizhou Zunyi's full star, bullet and pepper wholesale market prices (Table 3), Wucheng three kinds of chili wholesale market prices are relatively stable, the overall price has risen steadily;
(vi) Cost-benefit 1. Planting costs and net profit in the main production areas showed an upward trend.
2011-2017, the planting costs of the five major producing regions of Henan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shandong and Xinjiang showed an upward trend (Table 4), of which labor costs accounted for the highest proportion, basically remaining above 50%.
addition to Shandong, the net profit of chili peppers in other provinces showed an overall upward trend.
differences in net profit were significant, with Yunnan and Shandong significantly lower.
2. The benefits of cultivation are lower than those of other aubergine vegetables, and cooperative incomes are higher than those of the average retail investor.
Compared with the yield of grain and vegetables grown in the same season by 5 provinces, the yield of chili peppers is much higher than that of corn, but compared with tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants and other eggplant vegetables, the output value and profit do not have a greater advantage (except Xinjiang) (Table 5).
Cooperatives generally have about twice as much profit as the average retail investor (table 6), mainly because the co-operatives produce and sell chili peppers at higher prices than retail investors, and are also associated with government subsidies, high equipment utilization and stable sales channels.
, dry chili industry development prospects (i) planting area will remain stable, production increased.
dry chili raw material cultivation income is higher, in order to increase farmers' income, the government proposed to increase the cultivation of chili peppers, but the level of mechanized cultivation in some producing areas increased limited, so that the area of chili cultivation will remain relatively stable.
with the increase of varieties and the improvement of production facilities, production will increase.
(ii) demand for processed products will increase.
the current domestic market consumption and trade volume of chili sauce are rising, in 2017 China's chili sauce market size has reached 32 billion, is expected to reach 40 billion in 2020.
, such as chili erythrin, chili oil resin and other deep processing products will become an important force to stimulate the market demand for chili peppers.
(iii) prices will fluctuate and exports will continue to grow.
affected by rising costs and increased consumer demand, there is still room for a large increase in the price of dried chili peppers, but due to the centralized listing, due to seasonal market fluctuations in supply and demand, prices may be volatile upward trend.
with the "Belt and Road" initiative to promote trade along the country's role, will further promote China's chili products exports.
. The development of dry chili pepper industry in poor areas has the characteristics of year-end harvest, low technical requirements and quick results, and many poor areas with a certain industrial base have promoted it as a poverty alleviation project.
estimates, about a quarter of the poor counties in the Midwest have developed a dry chili industry, which has played an important role in promoting income increases for poor households and "hat-picking" in poor counties.
(i) The main experience practices 1. The establishment of poverty-relief workshops, the concentration of scattered land, strengthen enterprise training.
to set up anti-poverty workshops and hire poor people.
The implementation of the "pepper shares" model, allowing poor households to take shares in land, the scattered land will be concentrated, the development of scale planting, leading villagers to form a professional chili planting cooperative;
2. Determine the business model according to the actual situation.
, according to their own economic and local enterprises and cooperatives, the regions have developed business models that meet the actual development needs.
such as "co-operatives, bases, farmers and direct marketing" model, to provide farmers with prenatal, mid-natal, post-natal series of services.
based on the base to the surrounding radiation, forming a cooperative to lead farmers to enter the market a good pattern.
the "base, association, farmers" model, the base unified provision of seeds, pesticides and fertilizers, and pepper farmers signed a recycling contract, the formulation of protection prices.
(ii) Typical case study 1. Yancheng, Henan Province.
was named "China's Three Cherry Peppers Town" by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and is also a key county for poverty alleviation and development in the Dabeshan area, with 10% of the poor.
recent years, Lucheng to build China's first chili county as the goal, the implementation of the "pepper economy" development strategy, in 2017 the chili industry led the number of people out of poverty accounted for 35% of the total number of people out of poverty in the county.
Mainly take three measures: first, land equity, second, the establishment of poverty-relief workshops, first to encourage poor households to join the edge of chili industry, to get more liquidity, and then further participate in chili cultivation;
Association provides technical guidance to growers to help farmers contact orders.
government to provide various economic subsidies and support to ensure the quality of chili peppers, stable farmers' income.
2. Zunyi Shrimp Town, Guizhou.
the geographical advantages of the trading market, shrimp town chili products mainly through the nearest shrimp pepper market circulation.
shrimp town existing chili standard nursery shed 48, planting area remained at 2.5 to 30,000 mu.
to adopt a government-led approach, model to guide the masses to actively participate in the cultivation of chili peppers, with the "company (cooperative) and base and farmers" development model to encourage large-scale, family farms to expand the scale of cultivation.
leading enterprises in Zunyi Chili peppers have played an important role in poverty alleviation.
For example, the workers employed by the "Spicy Three Mothers" are poor people in the surrounding townships, land-lost farmers and women left behind, directly helping 8 poor households, and financing 12 poor children to complete their education, thereby driving the surrounding poor families out of poverty.
, dry chili industry development problems and risks (i) the main problem 1. The cost of planting increased, labor shortage, base scale is difficult to achieve.
With the rising cost of labor and land transfer, the cost of chili pepper cultivation is also rising year by year, the production of chili peppers is mostly in remote and poor rural areas, it is difficult to use farmland machinery to reduce labor costs, with the influx of rural young and strong labor into cities and towns, labor shortage has become an obstacle to the large-scale development of chili peppers.
2. The deep development of the whole industry chain is not enough, the product science and technology content is low.
at present, China's dried chili products are still in the initial processing stage, deep processing enterprises less.
chili processing products enterprises and research institutes are not closely linked, research and development innovation ability is insufficient, can not keep up with market demand to develop new products, extend the industrial chain.
3. The industrial base is innumerable and affects production decisions.
China does not take dried chili peppers as an independent category for separate statistics, so that the planting area, output, consumption and other industries are innumerable, local producers mainly according to local market prices, affecting the scientific decision-making of production.
(ii) Risk analysis 1. The price of dried chili peppers changed by a large margin.
First, the frequent occurrence of natural disasters, speculation and other conditions leading to large price fluctuations in dry chili peppers, and second, because of the cold storage infrastructure is less, dry chili peppers are not resistant to storage and other special features, prices are prone to large fluctuations.
2. The international trade situation is serious, and Indian chili peppers have a great impact on our country.
india is imported into China