China's corn import process

Corn is an important feed grain and bioene energy production raw materials, but also China's largest grain varieties, corn prices rise and move the whole body.
years after China's accession to the WTO, China's corn has maintained a net export trend, in 2010 China's first time into a net importer of corn, in 2012 corn imports reached 5.21 million tons, 2020 imports are a record high of 11.29 million tons.
the stability of corn supply is directly related to national food security, today's small editor will take you to understand the import situation of China's corn.
the development process of China's corn imports? In 2010, China changed from a net exporter of corn to a net importer.
china's accession to the WTO, China's corn exports mainly to East Asia, Southeast Asia and other countries and regions.
exports in 2003 amounted to 16.39 million tons, the highest level in nearly two decades; Until 2007, China's net corn exports have remained high.
In 2009, natural disasters occurred in Northeast China, one of China's main grain-producing regions, and production declined, and in order to meet the growing demand for corn in the processing industry, corn imports increased significantly, from 85,000 tons in 2009 to 1.573 million tons in 2010.
: China's customs in 2011-2015, domestic and foreign price differentials increased to stimulate the rapid growth of imports of corn and its substitutes.
2012, China's corn imports surged to 5.21 million tons, reaching an all-time high.
imports of corn in 2015 were at an all-time high of 4.731 million tons, but the imports of sorghum, barley and dried corn wine as substitutes for corn reached a record 10.7 million tons, 10.731 million tons and 6.821 million tons, respectively.
Due to the temporary corn storage policy and other factors, domestic and foreign corn prices upside down, import volume gradually increased, "national goods into the market, foreign goods into storage" caused China's collection and storage policy effect was weakened, corn stocks are high.
2016-2019, China's corn imports remain at a high level.
the abolition of the corn storage policy in 2016, China's corn industry implemented the "price supplement separation, market pricing" mechanism, the cost advantage of imported corn basically lost, imports began to decline.
2018, China's corn area and output for the third consecutive year reduced, destocking effect is obvious, supply and demand gradually tightened, imports began to increase to 3.52 million tons.
2019, China's agricultural structure continued to be optimized, with corn planting area of 41.28 million hectares, down 2% YoY; However, the increase in yields alone resulted in a 1.4% recovery in maize production to 260 million tons; Annual corn imports were 4.79 million tons, up 36% year-on-year.
the main sources of corn imports in China? The United States was the largest source of corn imports in China from 2010 to 2014.
from the world trade pattern, corn exports are mainly concentrated in the United States, Brazil, Argentina, Ukraine and a few other countries, these four countries corn exports accounted for more than 60% of the world's total corn exports year-on-year.
the import source is limited, China's corn imports are more concentrated.
2010-2013, China's corn accounted for more than 90%; However, China's corn imports from Ukraine, Russia and other countries are also increasing year by year.
2014, the proportion of corn imported from Ukraine reached 37.1%, second only to the United States at 39.9%.
the United States as the country's largest source of corn imports in 2015.
ukraine's agricultural resources in a unique condition, known as the "European granary", export potential is huge.
corn is non-GMO corn and has an advantage over the U.S. in price.
addition, with the "Belt and Road" initiative, China's trade relations with Ukraine have become increasingly close.
2015, Ukraine overtook the United States as the country's top source of corn imports.
since then, the proportion of corn from Ukraine has exceeded 80 per cent per year.
Chart 2010-2019 China's main source of corn imports as a percentage of the data source: China's customs in 2020 China's corn import situation? 2020 Ukraine is still China's largest source of corn imports, but from the United States corn procurement is growing rapidly.
Ukraine is still the largest source of corn imports in China, with imports of 6.2976 million tons, accounting for 55.76 percent of total corn imports; The United States was the second largest source of imports, importing 4.34 million tons, or 38.44 percent.
11.29 million tons, exceeding the 7.2 million tons import quota, a record.
: China's customs units: tons of feed grain and industrial grain continued to grow, is the main reason for the increase in corn imports in 2020.
The expansion of production in the aquaculture industry, especially in the pig industry, has led to a significant increase in demand for forage corn and soybeans, the expansion of corn deep processing capacity has led to a marked increase in demand in the corn industry, and the supply and demand of corn has shifted from a phased surplus to a tight supply, and imported corn has obviously helped to balance the domestic supply gap.
same time, domestic grain prices remained high last year, domestic and foreign grain prices fell seriously, to a certain extent to stimulate a significant increase in grain imports.
domestic demand for corn will continue to grow in the future, even if China continues to maintain its import quota of 7.2 million tons, as domestic corn prices continue to rise, it is becoming possible to import corn outside the quota.
February, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs' supply and demand report kept China's 2020/21 corn imports at 10 million tons, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's February supply and demand report raised China's corn import estimate to 24 million tons from 17.5 million tons in January.
china's grain market will face the contradiction of structural shortage for a long time, moderate import is an important way to ensure national food security.