China's accession to WTO has more advantages than disadvantages in agriculture

Introduction: after China's accession to the WTO, there is a discussion in China that in the first five years of China's accession to the WTO, more than half of the state-owned enterprises will be eliminated, tens of millions of people will be unemployed, with the biggest impact on agriculture It is estimated that 5 to 10 million farmers will be unemployed, and the actual income of rural residents will be 2.1% lower than the benchmark scenario in 1995 However, authoritative experts believe that economic globalization and trade liberalization are the inevitable trend of world economic development To play its due role, China must actively participate in the formulation of new rules of international trade In general, China's accession to the WTO provides a rare opportunity for the development of agriculture and rural economy, which will have a positive impact on accelerating the realization of national agricultural modernization First, it is conducive to expanding the opening up of agriculture to the outside world After China's accession to the WTO, China will further improve its domestic policies and regulations, optimize the agricultural investment environment, open its domestic market, attract more foreign capital, technology and management experience into the agricultural field, promote China's agriculture to be in line with the international standards, and accelerate the process of agricultural opening to the outside world Secondly, it is conducive to the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure and agricultural products import and export structure China is rich in labor force, but its cultivated land resources are insufficient China's accession to WTO is conducive to the import of resource intensive products, export of labor-intensive products, and relatively high resource costs of corn, wheat, oil, sugar, soybeans and cotton and other crops The proportion in the total planting area and total output (total output value) of crops is gradually reduced, while the proportion of vegetables, some fruits, flowers and other horticultural crops will be expanded Animal husbandry (in addition to milk and wool) will be the main beneficiary industries Third, it is conducive to improving the export environment of China's agricultural products It can enjoy the non discrimination trade treatment of the existing members of WTO, reduce the negotiation cost and transaction cost of agricultural products trade, and obtain the standard "channels" to solve the problems of agricultural products foreign trade, so as to promote China's agricultural products to enter the international market 　　 At the same time, experts pointed out that it is inevitable to reduce tariffs and cancel non-tariff measures after China's accession to the WTO, which will undoubtedly bring certain challenges to those agricultural products and processed products with low quality and per unit yield and low technical content, and will cause three problems in the short term: first, further aggravating the "difficult to sell" contradiction of domestic main agricultural products, and increasing the pressure on circulation channels; second, causing The price of some agricultural products in the domestic market falls, causing market fluctuations For example, the price of grain and oil in China will no longer have the price advantage In recent years, the cost of grain and oil production in China has increased by about 10% per year on average, which makes China's rice, wheat, corn and other bulk crops on average 10% - 70% higher than similar products in the international market In addition to the backward production conditions, low per unit yield and poor quality of oil, the backward production technology, outdated equipment, low oil output rate and high cost of oil processing industry make the price of oil products higher than the international market After entering the customs, China's grain and oil production is facing a very unfavorable position Third, it affects the increase of farmers' income and the enthusiasm of agricultural production in some areas In addition, China's accession to the WTO will restrict the agricultural support measures in terms of the price protection system of agricultural products and the price subsidy of means of production in the future; in addition, China's accession to the WTO may increase the foreign exchange burden on China's imports of foreign agricultural products According to the public opinion, in order to reduce the adverse effects of China's accession to the WTO, China's agriculture must take necessary measures In the current situation of increasingly fierce international competition, in order to ensure adequate food and clothing and food safety, we must rely on scientific and technological progress, put agricultural science and technology, especially the development of high-tech in the prominent position of scientific and technological work, promote the transformation of traditional agriculture to high-yield, high-quality and efficient modern agriculture, and strive to improve the international competitiveness of China's agriculture Pay attention to the wide application of biotechnology in agriculture Biotechnology can combine the required genes with conventional breeding, and cultivate new genetically modified crops and varieties with strong resistance, high yield, good quality, rich nutrition and low production cost The wide application of biotechnology in the production will make the research of agricultural science and technology continuously appear new breakthrough and progress Vigorously protect and effectively use water resources Due to the double pressure of insufficient water resources and increasing agricultural water demand, how to improve the utilization rate of water resources has been paid more attention Irrigation agriculture, water-saving agriculture, rain fed agriculture and dry land agriculture have become an important research content We will improve the level of scientific cultivation and breeding, standardize all aspects of agricultural production, transform from extensive management to intensive management, improve our ability to prevent natural disasters, and increase the productivity of animals and plants Improve the processing, storage and transportation technology of agricultural products, vigorously develop the technology of preservation, processing, storage and transportation, packaging, sales and comprehensive utilization of agricultural products, provide technical guarantee for agricultural industrialization, and vigorously develop feed industry and food industry In response, China's Ministry of Agriculture said it will focus on five areas: strengthening infrastructure construction; strengthening scientific research and practical technology promotion; actively developing and introducing new varieties and technologies; reasonably adjusting industrial structure; and strengthening business management Experts believe that in general and in the long run, China's accession to the WTO will do more good than harm to China's agriculture If we take proper measures, China's agriculture will have a qualitative leap in the near future.