China's accession to the WTO has a bright future for soybeans

Introduction: China's accession to the WTO gives us the opportunity to know the WTO, to be familiar with, to study and to make use of its rules, and to serve the healthy development of China's economic construction In terms of agriculture, it is conducive to timely understanding and mastering the gap between domestic and foreign agricultural products, skillfully using the rules of the world trade, so that China's agricultural products can meet the needs of the international market, and can be developed In the 20th century, the rapid development of non transgenic technology, large-scale commercial production of transgenic crops, and a large number of circulation to the field of consumption However, scientists have different opinions and experimental data on the harm of genetically modified crops to human health There are many controversies, and there is no final conclusion in the world Therefore, countries all over the world have adopted corresponding management methods and measures Since June last year, China has made full use of the WTO rules, and has successively introduced the regulations on the management of agricultural genetically modified organisms and a series of management measures and measures in the management of genetically modified organisms This year, the regulations have been implemented since March 20 to protect the healthy development of China's agriculture Its introduction and implementation, the first most directly affected and benefited from the soybean industry China's soybean market has a large gap between supply and demand, and the import quantity is almost equal to the domestic soybean output Before China's accession to the WTO, domestic soybeans with low oil content and high cost have been plagued by foreign genetically modified soybeans with high oil content and low price Now it has joined the WTO, the import, production and operation of genetically modified soybeans and their products must be approved by the government, and soybeans and their products must be marked So that the domestic people's awareness of the difference between genetically modified and non genetically modified is gradually improved, which paves the way for effectively improving the domestic consumption share of domestic soybean Domestic soybean will not only change its position in the domestic market, but also in the international market China's soybean is a pure non transgenic agricultural product, and the world supply is very small at present As the largest soybean consumer market, the European Union basically prohibits the import of genetically modified soybeans; Japan, South Korea and other major soybean consumers are also cautious about the import of genetically modified soybeans All of these make us sure that in the near future, the prospect of domestic soybean is very broad It will be very popular in the international market, making a large number of domestic soybeans go abroad and earn foreign exchange through export Therefore, we should fully seize the great opportunity of entering WTO, open up the domestic and foreign markets of Chinese soybeans, and create Chinese brands in China and even in the world market First, China's accession to the WTO has led to the introduction of genetically modified policies, which will play an important role in recent years National policies and the number of imported soybeans have been influencing the trend of China's soybean market, and also directly affecting the periodic fluctuation of international market prices Due to the large soybean gap in China, the national macro policies and management have been relaxed a lot, and there is a lack of understanding and Research on foreign soybeans, as well as a lack of effective measures Until now, it can be said that there is no concept of genetically modified Under such historical conditions, the import of foreign soybeans has seriously impacted the domestic soybean market, resulting in difficulties in the sale of domestic soybeans, low prices and serious losses for farmers This year, with China's accession to the WTO, agricultural products have been integrated into the ranks of world trade Under the condition of high cost and low income of agricultural products, China should also fulfill its commitment to implement the management of large quantities of low tariff import quotas Facing such a severe situation at home and abroad, if we don't take effective policies and management measures, our agriculture will be severely damaged In particular, the implementation of import quota free management of soybeans, domestic soybeans will face difficulties, soybean farmers into a deep dilemma In this severe situation, in order to avoid the above situation, the Chinese government, facing the livelihood of 800 million farmers, has actively introduced many relevant policies and Countermeasures around the WTO rules The most prominent are the regulations on the safety management of agricultural genetically modified organisms and the three management methods of genetically modified organisms In my opinion, the most effective policy to protect the healthy development of agricultural production in China is the management method of agricultural genetically modified organisms identification On the one hand, it is more standardized and effective for the management of genetically modified food (especially foreign genetically modified food), so as to know On the other hand, there are more and more genetically modified foods, food safety is controversial in the world, and countries such as the European Union and Japan are increasingly calling for resistance to genetically modified foods In such a world background, let the Chinese people clearly know what they are consuming How necessary and timely is this policy At the same time, it will play a huge role in reversing the adverse situation in the competition between domestic and imported soybeans It is also the foundation for the domestic soybean to be brilliant 2 China's accession to the WTO has brought new weather to the soybean market 1 The domestic soybean production situation and change trend China's soybean production has had a leap forward development after decades of ups and downs However, in recent years, there has been a situation of hesitation The total output of the country is only 16 million tons, which reached the highest level in history in 1994, and has been changing around 15 million tons since then Last year, the soybean production of the United States, Brazil and Argentina ranked the top three in the world, ranking 7500, 3200 and 20 million tons respectively, accounting for 47%, 20% and 12% of the world's total output China ranks fourth, accounting for about 8% - 10% of the world's total output In terms of planting area, soybean planting area in China has not increased, but decreased Besides reaching more than 10 million hectares in the early 1960s, it has been 7-9.45 million hectares in recent years However, the soybean planting area in the United States has expanded to more than 30 million hectares China's soybean yield per unit area is about 1700kg / ha, 33%, 29% and 27% lower than that of the United States, Brazil and Argentina, respectively At present, China's major soybean producing provinces are actively responding to the national plan of vitalizing soybean production, improving the enthusiasm of domestic soybean production, implementing the scale and industrialization of soybean production, reducing production costs, and improving the competitiveness of domestic soybean For example, China's Ministry of agriculture and Jilin provincial government intend to expand the soybean planting area of Jilin Province from 560000 ha to 1 million ha in the next five years, as part of the soybean recovery plan It was launched this year This year, the scale of "corn soybean rotation" has been expanded The soybean planting area in Jilin Province will reach nearly 670000 hectares, an increase of 130000 hectares over 2001 This year, Chongqing aimed at the market, vigorously adjusted the planting structure of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, officially launched the base construction of 1 million mu of high-quality soybeans, etc These policies and practices show that the prospect of domestic soybean is bright In terms of varieties, 70% of American soybeans are genetically modified, and 60% of Argentine soybeans are genetically modified Although the Brazilian government boycotts the cultivation of genetically modified soybeans, there are actually a few farmers who steal genetically modified soybeans, making 10% of Brazil's soybeans are genetically modified At present, transgenic soybeans account for 36% - 38% of the total soybeans in the world Because of its low production cost, high resistance to diseases and pests, natural disasters and other adaptability and high yield, transgenic soybean will make half or even more of the world's total soybean in the near future At present, China's domestic soybeans are still all traditional soybeans, non transgenic, with high planting cost It does not have the characteristics of genetically modified soybeans, but there is no doubt that it is safe to eat The edible oil processed from domestic soybeans is far better than that processed from imported soybeans in terms of "fragrance", which is more in line with the taste of Chinese people Under the influence of economic laws, the deep implementation of GM policy and the above favorable factors will invisibly promote the price of domestic soybean to rise rapidly, and gradually reach the same level as that of advanced countries (EU, Japan, South Korea, etc.), which is more than 10% - 15% higher than that of GM soybean In this way, the advantages of traditional soybeans are highlighted, and the prospect of domestic soybeans out of the dilemma is more clear and broad 2 Soybean consumption continues to grow, and the domestic soybean market will go to a brilliant future Before 1999, China's actual soybean crushing volume will be about 10 million tons, with the maximum soybean import volume of 4.3 million tons, accompanied by a large number of soybean oil and soybean meal imports, but it can maintain the basic balance of supply and demand of soybean, soybean oil and soybean meal In March 1999, the State Administration of Taxation began to add a value-added tax of 13% on imported soybean meal, which basically stopped the import of soybean meal, resulting in the obvious shortage of crushing capacity and huge profits of crushing enterprises In the second half of that year, the construction and expansion of the crushing plant mushroomed, and the soybean processing capacity expanded rapidly The increasing domestic demand for soybeans and soybean meal from crushing and animal husbandry has greatly increased the import of soybeans In 2000, soybean imports reached 10.4 million tons In June 2001, due to the introduction of the genetically modified policy and the existence of speculative ingredients, soybean imports increased to 14 million tons Almost no soybean oil and meal were imported, but a small amount of them were exported According to the balance of supply and demand and the total production of China, this year's soybean gap is between 12.5-14 million tons From the perspective of soybean consumption, half of domestic soybeans are used for food and industrial consumption and half for oil extraction consumption every year In recent years, the number of imported soybeans has changed a lot, only 3.86 million tons in 1999 and 9.3 million tons in 2000 By 2001, it had reached 12.6 million tons, almost twice the amount of edible oil extracted from domestic soybeans At present, our country will not be different from before, just to meet the expanding domestic demand of crushing and animal husbandry, import a large number of foreign soybeans for crushing, its products and traditional soybeans no different sales and purchase In the future, the genetically modified soybean oil and soybean meal made from low-cost genetically modified soybean should be marked Then, when the Chinese people know the right and wrong of the genetically modified products, the consumption of non genetically modified products will increase greatly In the case of serious shortage of domestic soybeans, we have to import genetically modified soybeans to make up the gap In this way, the leverage of supply and demand is reflected, which naturally stimulates the price rise of domestic soybean and its products, which is much higher than the price of genetically modified soybean and its series of products At the same time, it also stimulates the development of soybean agriculture and completes the plan of soybean rejuvenation in China This year, China's crushing capacity is still increasing Recently, the annual 600000 tons soybean deep processing project in Chaoyang District of Changchun City has been officially signed, which will definitely accelerate the process of agricultural industrialization and promote soybean production In Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, northeast and other places, the new trend of oil pressing industry is rising again There are factories with a daily production capacity of 1000 tons or above, which are put into production, expanding or under construction In recent days, the total daily processing capacity has been built and put into use successively, reaching 7900 tons So increasing the conversion capacity of soybeans will definitely result in the competition of pressing raw materials At that time, the soybean industry will be booming, and the domestic soybean "Jindou" will be brilliant 3 China's accession to the WTO has embodied the advantages of traditional soybeans The international market has paid more and more attention to the problem of domestic soybeans genetically modified The genetically modified products have not been recognized by the international market, and the market share of non genetically modified products will still be larger than that of genetically modified products China's soybean is also favored by the international market The highest export price of China's soybean was 600 US dollars per ton It is reported that South Korea will import 300000 tons of soybeans from China every year, Japan