China, which eats 700 million pigs a year, has been stuck for thousands of years

 　　On the afternoon of December 9, 2020, a chartered plane taking off from the United Kingdom slowly landed at Urumqi International Airport.
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　　This flight is a chartered flight dedicated to transporting 1,000 pigs.
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　　This batch of pigs is not small.
They are the great-grandparent breeding pigs imported from the United Kingdom by a pig breeding company in Xinjiang.
Calculated at an average of 30,000 yuan per head, the total price of these pigs is as high as 30 million yuan.
In addition, the cost of air transportation for each pig is about 10,000 yuan.
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　　However, this is only the tip of the iceberg for our country's imports of breeding pigs.
Statistics show that China is the world's largest pork consumer and live pig producer, consuming an average of 700 million pigs each year.
However, 90% of the pigs on our daily table have the pedigree of imported breeds.
In 2020, my country will introduce up to 20,000 breeding pigs from abroad.
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　　In the eyes of industry insiders, the root cause of this phenomenon is that we have the risk of getting stuck in the "pig chip"-breeding pigs.
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　　At this year’s National Two Sessions, Liu Yonghao, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and chairman of New Hope Group, stated in a proposal that my country’s own "pig chip" has a series of difficulties such as imperfect breeding system, lagging technology, and serious disease threats.
Cracked.
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　　China has a history of raising pigs for thousands of years.
Why do we get stuck in the matter of raising pigs?5Ta China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　"Pig Chip" Crisis5Ta China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　China is the world's largest pork consumer and live pig producer, eating an average of 700 million pigs each year, and half of the world's pigs are raised in China.
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　　For pig farmers, breeding pig breeding is the top of the entire pig breeding pyramid system.
If there is no spire, there is no way to talk about it below, so it is no exaggeration to say that it is a "pig chip".
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　　However, 90% of the pigs on our daily dinner table are of the blood of introduced breeds.
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　　China has a history of raising pigs for thousands of years.
Native pigs have been bred from generation to generation.
Why are domestic breeding pigs dependent on imports?5Ta China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　Li Jinghui, deputy secretary general of the China Animal Husbandry Association, told China News Weekly that although local pigs do not taste bad, they have three obvious shortcomings.
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　　One is "slow", the other is "consumption", and the third is "fat".
For example, imported breeds such as Duroc pigs from the United States, Landrace pigs from Denmark, and Yorkshire pigs from the United Kingdom (hereinafter referred to as Du Changda) can be slaughtered within 6 months.
Generally, Chinese native pigs can only be fed for one year; The feed-to-meat ratio is even higher.
If you want pigs to gain 1 kg in weight, local pigs need to feed 4-6 kg of feed, while foreign pigs can be as little as 2-3 kg.
In addition, the fat content of local pigs is generally higher, generally up to 60 %, while the foreign pig only has 40%.
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　　With the improvement of living standards, the Chinese people's demand for pork, especially lean meat, has increased significantly, so local varieties must be improved.
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　　However, breeding pig improvement is not an easy task.
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　　"It takes several generations to reproduce, with high investment and slow results," Li Jinghui said.
Breeding pigs is an industry that started with a capital of 1 billion yuan.
"The one-time investment in the early stage was as high as 1 billion yuan, including multiple hard costs such as equipment, testing, and venues.
This is not done.
After that, hundreds of millions of yuan will be needed for breeding each year.
" It is reported that the New Hope Group began to prepare in 2007.
In our own breeding system, we invested RMB 3 billion in 13 years.
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　　Liu Yonghao stated in his proposal that in recent years, insufficient attention has been paid to breeding technology projects that require long-term investment.
In order to pursue short-term and rapid benefits, some companies have also seriously insufficient investment in breeding, scientific research, and facility construction.
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　　This has resulted in my country's breeding pig market basically becoming the world of foreign pigs, and 90% of the piglets sold on the market belong to the offspring of foreign pigs.
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　　Vicious circle5Ta China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　It's just the introduction of breeding pigs.
Why are you worried about being "stuck"? It's not that simple.
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　　Li Jinghui said that if we only introduce breeds without a core pig farm, and do not select and breed ourselves, we will fall into a cycle of "introduction-degradation-re-introduction-re-degradation".
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　　From a biological point of view, imported pigs are good, but inbreeding must be avoided, and fresh blood must be introduced to improve the genetic traits of the population.
At the same time, breeding pigs generally degenerate after 5-7 litters.
It is difficult to cultivate for a long time.
It is necessary to continuously introduce fresh blood to maintain the continuation of breeding pigs.
In this way, an average of 5-8 years will require one generation.
International update.
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　　In addition, due to the imperfect domestic breeding system, the imported good breeds cannot be well protected, bred, and improved.
This makes every import of breeding pigs a "one-shot deal", which further intensifies the dependence on imports.
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　　Pork is the "king of meat" on the Chinese table.
According to data from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, my country's annual pork consumption per capita reached 32 kilograms in 2019, and more than 60% of meat consumption was pork.
Such a huge consumption, once the supply is limited, it is easy to be choked, and the consequences are disastrous.
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　　At present, the world's pig breeding technology is mainly monopolized by a few countries such as the United States, Canada, France, and Denmark.
Therefore, in this regard, my country is facing a dilemma similar to that of chips.
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　　Not only that, the continuous introduction of breeds over the years has also left a large number of unclear hybrids in the commercial breeding pig populations in my country, leading to the mixing of some local fine breeds or even disappearing.
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　　According to statistics conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture, there are a total of 90 local breeds of "native pigs" in China, but 8 breeds of pigs including Hengjing pig and Hongqiao pig have become extinct, 5 breeds including Chalu black pig are on the verge of extinction, and there are 25 other breeds.
Facing endangerment, the stock of individual pig breeds is even smaller than that of giant pandas.
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　　Liu Yonghao said that “foreign chips” are not localized, and “earth chips” are inefficient and endangered.
Great-great-grandparent breeding pigs such as “Du Changda” have long relied on imports, which directly affects the quality and quality of my country’s capacity recovery process after the impact of African swine fever.
Speed ​​and efficiency have greatly restricted the supply of pork and the development of the pig industry in China.
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　　In the past two years, my country's pig industry has been undergoing a rapid transformation.
While the industry is ushering in the "great profit era" that has not been encountered in a century, it is also facing a substantial increase in breeding costs.
When the tide recedes, the nature of market competition will return to cost competition and technical competition.
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　　Shi Shouding, deputy director of the Pig Industry Branch of the China Animal Husbandry Association, said that in the context of increasing feeding costs and declining profit margins, improving the production performance of breeding pigs is the only way to improve the efficiency of pig raising.
Whether the efficiency of raising pigs can be improved depends on the cost of breeding and raising pigs, and the former accounts for a larger proportion.
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　　Turn around5Ta China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　In the mid-1990s, my country's breeding pig breeding gradually developed.
Today, the self-sufficiency rate of Chinese breeding pigs has reached 94%, and independent breeding can be basically achieved.
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　　As of June 2019, my country has established 55 national-level local pig genetic resource conservation breeding farms, 7 protected areas, and 1 national livestock gene bank.
More than 80 provincial-level local pig conservation breeding farms (districts, banks) have also been built in various places.
First, the protection capacity and protection level of local pig genetic resources have been greatly improved.
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　　Although our country has made considerable achievements in the breed and quantity of breeding pigs, it is undeniable that the quality of domestic breeding pigs differs from that of developed countries.
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　　Wang Lixian, a researcher at the Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, pointed out that there are still some problems in my country's breeding pig breeding, which are manifested in the incomplete breeding system; the application of new technologies is lagging; the measurement basis is weak; the breeding investment is small and the sustainability is not strong; The threat of disease is serious; the development and utilization of local pig resources are insufficient.
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　　In this regard, Liu Yonghao puts forward three suggestions:5Ta China Feed Industry Information Network-Based on feed, serving animal husbandry

　　First of all, the “China Pig Breeding” major project R&D and post-promotion subsidy policy shall be introduced as soon as possible, and the seed industry enterprises shall be encouraged to actively invest in the development of pig breeding research and development, infrastructure, talent training, international cooperation and other key research projects based on the principle of “enterprise investment first, state subsidy”.
If you have relevant capabilities, apply for key breeding projects, and the state will provide subsidies after evaluation and confirmation in accordance with relevant standards.
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　　Secondly, provide non-plague prevention and control land support for core breeding farms and conservation breeding farms to ensure the biological safety and operational capabilities of ancestral breeding farms.
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　　Finally, various forms of international cooperation of seed industry enterprises are encouraged to "introduce technology" and "intelligence" combination, and to reward the talents who are in short supply for cross-industry and transnational "pig chip" research.
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　　Shen Nanpeng, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, founder and managing partner of Sequoia Capital China Fund, proposed in the proposal of the two sessions this year to support the development of high-quality varieties with local characteristics and apply for geographical indication products to promote the protection of local provenance and the breeding of improved varieties.
On the one hand, establish endangered and local varieties breeding protection areas, on the other hand, set up special projects to support scientific research institutes, seed companies, and e-commerce to jointly build commercial breeding centers to improve endangered and local varieties.
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　　The Central Economic Work Conference at the end of 2020 clearly stated that "I am determined to fight a turnaround in the seed industry", and the No.
1 Central Document of 2021 has made a top-level design for "a good turnaround in the seed industry".
Among them, it is proposed to provide long-term stable support for basic breeding research and key projects, accelerate the implementation of major breeding scientific and technological projects, support leading companies to establish and improve commercial breeding systems, study major varieties of research and development and post-promotion subsidy policies, and promote the integration of breeding, reproduction and promotion.
Development etc.
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　　Regarding this, Li Jinghui said that judging from the degree of intensive policy promulgation, the country has made up its mind this time.
With the gradual establishment of an enterprise-oriented and state-supported breeding system and the gradual release of policy dividends, I believe it is expected to catch up this time.
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