Characteristics and development trend of agricultural industrialization in China

Introduction: according to Lin Dinggen, executive deputy director of the agricultural industrialization office of the Ministry of agriculture, at present, the agricultural industrialization management in various regions has the characteristics of increasing organization number, close interest connection, diversified operation forms, expanding scale, optimizing regional industrial layout, and further increasing contribution to the development of rural economy 1 The number of organizations increased rapidly In 1998, the Ministry of agriculture made a statistical survey of 1650 counties At that time, there were more than 30000 agricultural industrial operation organizations, which had grown to more than 66000 by the end of 2000 Although there were important factors in expanding the scope of investigation to more than 800 counties and cities, the rapid increase in the number of organizations was still a major feature 2 The way of interest connection is closer In all kinds of agricultural industrialization organizations, the proportion of contract mode is 48.7%, which is 7 percentage points lower than that in 1998, while the proportion of cooperation and stock cooperation mode is 27.6%, which is 7 percentage points higher than that in 1998 Since the establishment of stable and long-term interest relationship is not only the strategic needs of the development of leading enterprises, but also the needs of the adjustment of rural agricultural industrial structure and the increase of farmers' income, the increase of the proportion of close agricultural industrialization organizations, mainly in the form of cooperation and joint-stock cooperation, will be the development trend in the future 3 Diversified business forms Among all kinds of agricultural industrialization organizations, there are 27000 leading enterprise driven organizations, 22000 intermediary organization driven organizations and 7600 professional market driven organizations While leading enterprises still play a leading role in promoting agricultural industrialization, intermediary organizations play a more and more important role in promoting agricultural industrialization 4 Further expansion of business scale In 2000, the total amount of fixed assets owned by the agricultural industrialization organization was 420 billion yuan, an increase of 26.8% and 13.2% compared with 1998 according to the same criteria, among which the total amount of fixed assets of leading enterprises was more than 300 billion yuan, accounting for 72.2%; the sales revenue of the agricultural industrialization organization was 680 billion yuan, an increase of 2% compared with 1998 6.6%, with an average annual growth of 12.5%; and the market trading volume reached 410 billion yuan 5 The contribution to the development of rural economy is further increased First of all, the contribution to the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure has increased Compared with 1998, the proportion of leading enterprises in the processing of vegetables, fruits, meat products and dairy products in the agricultural industrialization organization has increased, among which the proportion of leading enterprises in the processing of vegetables and fruits in the planting industry has increased by 9%; the proportion of leading enterprises in the processing of meat products in the animal husbandry industry has increased by 8%; the growth of leading enterprises in the processing of dairy products has been even greater Nearly doubled in The development of these leading enterprises of agricultural industrialization has effectively promoted the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure Secondly, the contribution to increase farmers' income is increased In 2000, through the development of agricultural industrialization with the company + farmers as the main mode, 59 million households were driven; the average income per household increased by 900 yuan, an increase of about 100 yuan compared with 1998 6 Optimize the regional industrial layout With the advancement of agricultural industrialization, a number of distinctive, cross regional, specialized and highly socialized industrial belts have been gradually formed in various regions, which have become new growth points for promoting regional economic development Such as Heilongjiang dairy industry belt, Jilin corn industry belt, Shandong Jiaodong vegetable industry belt, Shaanxi apple industry belt, etc The agricultural industrialization management has given full play to the industrial advantages of all regions and optimized the regional industrial layout At the same time, the level of agricultural industrialization in China is still in the initial stage of development It is mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, the development of agricultural industrialization is not balanced; second, the leading enterprises are generally small in scale, low in concentration, scattered in layout, and weak in resisting market risks; third, the organizational form and interest mechanism are not perfect and standardized, and the leading enterprises are not strong in driving farmers; fourth, the talents, technology and capital are still restricting agricultural industrialization The bottleneck of development All of these need to be further studied and solved in the process of promoting agricultural industrialization In the future, there will be the following major trends in agricultural industrialization management in different regions: (1) agricultural industrialization management will become a new growth point of rural economy The leading enterprises of agricultural industrialization in China connect hundreds of millions of farmers Developing agricultural industrialization management and supporting leading enterprises can effectively solve the problems of agricultural industrial structure adjustment and farmers' income increase; improve the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises in a relatively short period of time, lengthen the industrial chain of China's agriculture, and improve the added value of China's agricultural products and processed products This is not only the new development stage of China's agriculture, but also the agricultural products The need of the development of industry and rural economy is also the inevitable choice of the majority of farmers after China's accession to the WTO The development of agricultural industrialization is forming a consensus in all parts of the country All relevant government departments will continue to support agricultural industrialization Relevant supporting policies will be further implemented The contribution of agricultural industrialization to the national economy and the role of rural modernization will continue to expand (2) the agricultural industrial belt with regional advantages will be closely combined with the leading enterprises of agricultural industrialization and form a new pillar industry In the future, the development of agricultural industrialization will continue to be closely combined with the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure and the promotion of farmers' income In the eastern region, agricultural industrialization is directly connected with the international market by combining the agricultural and sideline product processing projects related to the development of export-oriented agriculture; in the central region, especially the main grain, cotton and oil production areas, it is combined with grain processing, cotton processing, oil processing, feed processing and other projects, through the agricultural industrialization, the local resource advantages are transformed into industrial advantages and economic advantages In pastoral areas and suburbs of large and medium-sized cities, meat processing and dairy processing will become the pillar industries of agricultural industrialization At the same time, agricultural industrialization will further promote the division of labor and cooperation among regions, and accelerate the efficient allocation of agricultural resources in a larger range and the integration of agricultural markets (3) the demonstration and leading role of key state leading enterprises in the process of agricultural industrialization continues to increase The main judgment bases are as follows: first, to solve the problem of low processing rate of agricultural products in China At present, the output value of agricultural products processing industry in developed countries is about three times that of agricultural output value, while that in mainland China is only 80%; the processing rate of agricultural products in developed countries is about 90%, while that in China is only 20-30% It is an inevitable choice to vigorously develop national key leading enterprises of agricultural industrialization The second is to solve the problem of low-level repetitive construction At present, there are hundreds of thousands of enterprises engaged in all kinds of agricultural products processing in China, and some of them have serious surplus of rough processing capacity Compared with the developed countries, the agricultural products processing enterprises in mainland China are small in scale, backward in equipment, low in processing level, low in added value and serious in low-level repeated construction To improve the international competitiveness of China's agricultural products and their processed products, we must vigorously develop key leading enterprises Three, the government attaches great importance to the construction of key national leading enterprises The development and growth of a number of national key leading enterprises will become an important sign of improving the overall competitiveness of agriculture in China (4) the role of farmer's specialized cooperative economic organizations in agricultural industrialization will become increasingly obvious At present, there are more than one million farmer specialized cooperative economic organizations in China, among which there are more than 100000 organizations with a certain scale These farmers' professional cooperative economic organizations not only lead the development of more than 9550 agricultural industrialization management organizations, but also play an important role in the process of "company + farmers" industrialization management In the future, the state will further clarify the legal status of farmers' professional economic organizations, formulate laws and regulations on Farmers' professional cooperative economic organizations, and regulate the business activities of farmers' professional cooperative economic organizations 5 With the development of agricultural industrialization, the management system of agriculture should be reformed accordingly At present, in order to jointly promote the operation of agricultural industrialization, nine departments of the central government, including the Ministry of agriculture and the State Planning Commission, have established the joint conference system of agricultural industrialization, jointly coordinated relevant work and formulated relevant supporting policies At the same time, with the development of agricultural industrialization and the deepening and improvement of various reform measures in rural areas and agriculture, the management system of agriculture, including agricultural industrialization, will also be reformed accordingly, and the government will have more authority and efficiency in the management, supervision, guidance and service of agricultural industrialization YsT