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Author ︱ Liu Yi, edited by Li Hong ︱ Wang Sizhen A common phenomenon in human face processing-"own-race bias" can be expressed as individual processing of faces of the same race (individuation) , And categorization the faces of different races [1]
.
For example, when meeting new friends in China, it is easy for people to remember their looks, but when traveling abroad or watching foreign movies, they always feel that the faces of foreigners are very similar and it is not easy to distinguish them
.
Studies have found that the individual/classification processing characteristics of racial faces by individuals are reflected in the neural response of the early face processing areas of the human brain [2]
.
From an evolutionary perspective, different processing methods for faces of the same race and different races have certain social adaptability significance [3]
.
Oxytocin (oxytocin), as a neuropeptide substance inherent in the human brain, has been generally considered to have the effect of promoting social adaptation [4]
.
So can oxytocin influence the processing of faces of different races by individuals by regulating the neural activity of early facial areas, thereby promoting social adaptation? In August 2021, Cerebral Cortex published an online study entitled Oxytocin Modulates Neural Individuation/Categorization Processing of Faces in Early Face-Selective Areas (Figure 1) to answer this question
.
With the help of functional magnetic resonance technology, the study found that oxytocin can regulate the selective processing of facial identity information and ethnic information in early face-specific brain regions
.
The first author and corresponding author of the paper is Associate Professor Liu Yi from the School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, and the last author and corresponding author is Professor Li Hong from South China Normal University
.
The neural activity of the human brain will show the phenomenon of repetition suppression, that is, compared with two consecutive stimuli that are different in a certain characteristic, when two consecutive stimuli are the same in this characteristic, this characteristic The intensity of sensitive nerve activity will be reduced
.
This phenomenon of repetitive inhibition can be regarded as evidence that neurons are selective for this feature [5]
.
This study uses the repetitive suppression effect of face identity and face race as indicators to investigate the effects of face-specific brain areas FFA and OFA (FFA: fusiform face area; OFA: occipital lobe face area) in the early visual pathway.
Whether and how the selective processing of ethnic information (that is, the repetitive inhibitory effect on identity and the repetitive inhibitory effect on race) is regulated by nasal inhalation of oxytocin
.
A total of 46 Chinese male volunteers were recruited for the experiment and divided into two groups to participate in the experiment.
Before the experiment, a nasal spray was used, one group was given oxytocin and the other group was given a placebo (normal saline), double-blind operation
.
The subjects were then presented with two pictures of faces (Figure 1b).
These two faces may have the same or different identities, and the same or different races (Figure 1a)
.
Participants need to judge the gender of the second face by pressing a button
.
The whole process uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to record the brain activity of the subjects, and obtains the bilateral FFA and OFA of each subject as regions of interest (ROI) through independent positioning and scanning tasks (Figure 2a)
.
Figure 1 Examples of experimental materials and experimental procedures (picture quoted from: Yi Liu, et al.
, Cereb Cortex 2021; bhab277) Taking the repetition inhibition effect of face identity and face race as indicators, it is found that for the right FFA area, whether it is Faces of the same race or faces of different races, oxytocin significantly reduced the repetition inhibition effect of identity, and at the same time increased the repetition inhibition effect of race (Figure 2b)
.
That is, the application of oxytocin inhibits the individualized processing of face identities in the FFA area, but it promotes the classification and processing of face races to a certain extent
.
It is suggested that oxytocin may promote the selectivity of facial racial information and reduce the selectivity of facial identity information at the same time
.
For the OFA area on the left, the influence of oxytocin on the inhibitory effect of identity duplication is regulated by ethnic information, that is, oxytocin enlarges the difference in the individualized processing of facial identities between the same race and different races (Figure 2c)
.
Figure 2 The location of the early face processing area and the regulatory effect of oxytocin on the inhibitory effect of identity and ethnic duplication (picture quoted from: Yi Liu, et al.
, Cereb Cortex 2021; bhab277) In addition, this study also found that the right FFA area The relationship between the degree of repetitive inhibition of facial identity and race and the self-construction of individual interdependence is also regulated by oxytocin.
Specifically, oxytocin enhances the correlation between the degree of interdependence and the degree of repetitive inhibition of identity.
, But reduced its association with racial duplication inhibition (Figure 3), suggesting that oxytocin, a biological factor, and self-constructive interdependence, a social and cultural factor, may jointly affect the neuronal response of early facial areas.
Processing of ethnic faces
.
Figure 3 The regulatory effect of oxytocin on the relationship between individual interdependence and repetition inhibition (picture quoted from: Yi Liu, et al.
, Cereb Cortex 2021; bhab277) Conclusion and discussion of the article, inspiring and looking forward to the identity information and ethnic information of others Important social clues, whose early processing in the brain is regulated by oxytocin, these findings are consistent with the conclusion that oxytocin can enhance the individual's sensitivity to social information and promote social adaptation in previous studies [4]
.
The innovation of this study is that it is the first to reveal that oxytocin can regulate the individual processing and classification of ethnic faces, and explains how oxytocin regulates the selectivity of facial identity information and ethnic information from the neuron level.
.
It provides new ideas for in-depth understanding of how oxytocin acts on the brain and affects individuals’ social cognitive processes
.
However, regarding the issue of oxytocin's influence on the working methods of neurons in the early facial area, the conclusions of this study are still relatively preliminary.
In the future, it is necessary to collect other races, other cultural backgrounds, and female subjects to improve the conclusions
.
In addition, whether the effect of oxytocin on neuronal activity in the early face area is a direct effect or indirect regulation through other brain areas, further research is needed to answer further
.
Original link: https://academic.
oup.
com/cercor/advance-article/doi/10.
1093/cercor/bhab277/6356875?guestAccessKey=32c9f9a9-eb54-46f6-8fe9-6acfd19d4a17 Left: Liu Yi (first author and concurrently Co-corresponding author) (picture source: Liu Yi's research group of the School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University); right: Li Hong (last author and co-corresponding author) (picture source (Li Hong's research group of the School of Psychology, South China Normal University)
.
This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31800957) and the Humanities and Social Sciences Project of the Ministry of Education (18YJCZH109).
Selected previous articles [1] JAMA Neurol︱ Attention! Young people are more likely to suffer from "Alzheimer's disease"? [2] Nat Commun | Qi Xin's research group reveals the molecular mechanism of compound CHIR99021 in the treatment of Huntington's chorea by regulating mitochondrial function [3] Cereb Cortex︱ Ku Yixuan team reveals the ipsilateral sensory cortex representation pattern of working memory [4] Neurosci Bull︱ synapse-associated protein Dlg1 improves depression-like behavior in mice by inhibiting microglia activation [5] Brain | For the first time! PAX6 may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and a new therapeutic target [6] Sci Adv︱ blockbuster! DNA methylation protein DNMT1 mutation can induce neurodegenerative diseases [7] Cell︱ new discovery! New enlightenment of midbrain-regulated movement phenomenon for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease [8] Cereb Cortex︱MET tyrosine kinase signal transduction timing abnormality is a key mechanism affecting the development and behavior of normal cortical neural circuits in mice [9] Nat Biomed Eng︱ The team of academician Ye Yuru develops a new strategy for whole-brain gene editing-mediated treatment of Alzheimer’s disease [10] Luo Liqun Science heavy review System interpretation ︱ Neural circuit structure-a system that makes the brain "computer" run at high speed [11] Sci Adv ︱Important discovery! The calcium homeostasis regulator protein Calhm2 regulates microglia activation and participates in the process of Alzheimer's disease [12] EMBO J︱ new discovery! AGHGAP11B promotes the expansion of the neocortex into adulthood and improves cognitive ability [13] Cell Death Differ︱ Qi Yitao/Wu Hongmei and others cooperate to reveal the molecular mechanism of SUMO modification regulating neurogenesis in adult mice [14] Cereb Cortex︱A2A receptor antagonist can Reversing sequence learning impairments induced by abnormal aggregation of α-Syn References (slide up and down to view) [1] Hugenberg K, Young SG, Bernstein MJ, and Sacco DF.
2010.
The categorization-individuation model:
.
For example, when meeting new friends in China, it is easy for people to remember their looks, but when traveling abroad or watching foreign movies, they always feel that the faces of foreigners are very similar and it is not easy to distinguish them
.
Studies have found that the individual/classification processing characteristics of racial faces by individuals are reflected in the neural response of the early face processing areas of the human brain [2]
.
From an evolutionary perspective, different processing methods for faces of the same race and different races have certain social adaptability significance [3]
.
Oxytocin (oxytocin), as a neuropeptide substance inherent in the human brain, has been generally considered to have the effect of promoting social adaptation [4]
.
So can oxytocin influence the processing of faces of different races by individuals by regulating the neural activity of early facial areas, thereby promoting social adaptation? In August 2021, Cerebral Cortex published an online study entitled Oxytocin Modulates Neural Individuation/Categorization Processing of Faces in Early Face-Selective Areas (Figure 1) to answer this question
.
With the help of functional magnetic resonance technology, the study found that oxytocin can regulate the selective processing of facial identity information and ethnic information in early face-specific brain regions
.
The first author and corresponding author of the paper is Associate Professor Liu Yi from the School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, and the last author and corresponding author is Professor Li Hong from South China Normal University
.
The neural activity of the human brain will show the phenomenon of repetition suppression, that is, compared with two consecutive stimuli that are different in a certain characteristic, when two consecutive stimuli are the same in this characteristic, this characteristic The intensity of sensitive nerve activity will be reduced
.
This phenomenon of repetitive inhibition can be regarded as evidence that neurons are selective for this feature [5]
.
This study uses the repetitive suppression effect of face identity and face race as indicators to investigate the effects of face-specific brain areas FFA and OFA (FFA: fusiform face area; OFA: occipital lobe face area) in the early visual pathway.
Whether and how the selective processing of ethnic information (that is, the repetitive inhibitory effect on identity and the repetitive inhibitory effect on race) is regulated by nasal inhalation of oxytocin
.
A total of 46 Chinese male volunteers were recruited for the experiment and divided into two groups to participate in the experiment.
Before the experiment, a nasal spray was used, one group was given oxytocin and the other group was given a placebo (normal saline), double-blind operation
.
The subjects were then presented with two pictures of faces (Figure 1b).
These two faces may have the same or different identities, and the same or different races (Figure 1a)
.
Participants need to judge the gender of the second face by pressing a button
.
The whole process uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to record the brain activity of the subjects, and obtains the bilateral FFA and OFA of each subject as regions of interest (ROI) through independent positioning and scanning tasks (Figure 2a)
.
Figure 1 Examples of experimental materials and experimental procedures (picture quoted from: Yi Liu, et al.
, Cereb Cortex 2021; bhab277) Taking the repetition inhibition effect of face identity and face race as indicators, it is found that for the right FFA area, whether it is Faces of the same race or faces of different races, oxytocin significantly reduced the repetition inhibition effect of identity, and at the same time increased the repetition inhibition effect of race (Figure 2b)
.
That is, the application of oxytocin inhibits the individualized processing of face identities in the FFA area, but it promotes the classification and processing of face races to a certain extent
.
It is suggested that oxytocin may promote the selectivity of facial racial information and reduce the selectivity of facial identity information at the same time
.
For the OFA area on the left, the influence of oxytocin on the inhibitory effect of identity duplication is regulated by ethnic information, that is, oxytocin enlarges the difference in the individualized processing of facial identities between the same race and different races (Figure 2c)
.
Figure 2 The location of the early face processing area and the regulatory effect of oxytocin on the inhibitory effect of identity and ethnic duplication (picture quoted from: Yi Liu, et al.
, Cereb Cortex 2021; bhab277) In addition, this study also found that the right FFA area The relationship between the degree of repetitive inhibition of facial identity and race and the self-construction of individual interdependence is also regulated by oxytocin.
Specifically, oxytocin enhances the correlation between the degree of interdependence and the degree of repetitive inhibition of identity.
, But reduced its association with racial duplication inhibition (Figure 3), suggesting that oxytocin, a biological factor, and self-constructive interdependence, a social and cultural factor, may jointly affect the neuronal response of early facial areas.
Processing of ethnic faces
.
Figure 3 The regulatory effect of oxytocin on the relationship between individual interdependence and repetition inhibition (picture quoted from: Yi Liu, et al.
, Cereb Cortex 2021; bhab277) Conclusion and discussion of the article, inspiring and looking forward to the identity information and ethnic information of others Important social clues, whose early processing in the brain is regulated by oxytocin, these findings are consistent with the conclusion that oxytocin can enhance the individual's sensitivity to social information and promote social adaptation in previous studies [4]
.
The innovation of this study is that it is the first to reveal that oxytocin can regulate the individual processing and classification of ethnic faces, and explains how oxytocin regulates the selectivity of facial identity information and ethnic information from the neuron level.
.
It provides new ideas for in-depth understanding of how oxytocin acts on the brain and affects individuals’ social cognitive processes
.
However, regarding the issue of oxytocin's influence on the working methods of neurons in the early facial area, the conclusions of this study are still relatively preliminary.
In the future, it is necessary to collect other races, other cultural backgrounds, and female subjects to improve the conclusions
.
In addition, whether the effect of oxytocin on neuronal activity in the early face area is a direct effect or indirect regulation through other brain areas, further research is needed to answer further
.
Original link: https://academic.
oup.
com/cercor/advance-article/doi/10.
1093/cercor/bhab277/6356875?guestAccessKey=32c9f9a9-eb54-46f6-8fe9-6acfd19d4a17 Left: Liu Yi (first author and concurrently Co-corresponding author) (picture source: Liu Yi's research group of the School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University); right: Li Hong (last author and co-corresponding author) (picture source (Li Hong's research group of the School of Psychology, South China Normal University)
.
This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31800957) and the Humanities and Social Sciences Project of the Ministry of Education (18YJCZH109).
Selected previous articles [1] JAMA Neurol︱ Attention! Young people are more likely to suffer from "Alzheimer's disease"? [2] Nat Commun | Qi Xin's research group reveals the molecular mechanism of compound CHIR99021 in the treatment of Huntington's chorea by regulating mitochondrial function [3] Cereb Cortex︱ Ku Yixuan team reveals the ipsilateral sensory cortex representation pattern of working memory [4] Neurosci Bull︱ synapse-associated protein Dlg1 improves depression-like behavior in mice by inhibiting microglia activation [5] Brain | For the first time! PAX6 may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and a new therapeutic target [6] Sci Adv︱ blockbuster! DNA methylation protein DNMT1 mutation can induce neurodegenerative diseases [7] Cell︱ new discovery! New enlightenment of midbrain-regulated movement phenomenon for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease [8] Cereb Cortex︱MET tyrosine kinase signal transduction timing abnormality is a key mechanism affecting the development and behavior of normal cortical neural circuits in mice [9] Nat Biomed Eng︱ The team of academician Ye Yuru develops a new strategy for whole-brain gene editing-mediated treatment of Alzheimer’s disease [10] Luo Liqun Science heavy review System interpretation ︱ Neural circuit structure-a system that makes the brain "computer" run at high speed [11] Sci Adv ︱Important discovery! The calcium homeostasis regulator protein Calhm2 regulates microglia activation and participates in the process of Alzheimer's disease [12] EMBO J︱ new discovery! AGHGAP11B promotes the expansion of the neocortex into adulthood and improves cognitive ability [13] Cell Death Differ︱ Qi Yitao/Wu Hongmei and others cooperate to reveal the molecular mechanism of SUMO modification regulating neurogenesis in adult mice [14] Cereb Cortex︱A2A receptor antagonist can Reversing sequence learning impairments induced by abnormal aggregation of α-Syn References (slide up and down to view) [1] Hugenberg K, Young SG, Bernstein MJ, and Sacco DF.
2010.
The categorization-individuation model:
