Cell Voice: Where does oxygen perception go after the Nobel prize boom?

On October 7, 2019, the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine was awarded to American medical scientist William g. kaelin Jr., a professor of medicine at Harvard University, a British cell and molecular biologist, a clinician, and Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe, director of the Department of clinical medicine at Oxford University, and Gregg L. at Johns Hopkins University School of medicine Semenza, in recognition of their discovery of how cells perceive and adapt to the oxygen supply.caused a great sensation at that time.a big man once said that when many people pay attention to a phenomenon, its value has been released, but we should pursue its deep value.after the Nobel Prize boom has subsided, where should the oxygen sensing field go.on December 19, 2019, cell magazine interviewed four scientists in the field of oxygen sensing, looking forward to the future development direction of the field after winning the Nobel Prize in the field of oxygen perception.the birth of the concept of microglia, the next tuyere of oxygen research, Professor Isha Jain of the University of California, San Francisco, talked about three fifths of the leading causes of death in the United States, including heart disease, stroke and respiratory diseases.understanding how the body perceives and responds to hypoxia is fundamental to the response to these diseases.professor Isha Jain believes that in the next decade or even decades, the problems in the field of oxygen need to be solved urgently: 1. We need to comprehensively and systematically understand all oxygen dependent reactions in the human body.there are hundreds of oxygen dependent reactions in the body, but in extreme hypoxia, all of these oxygen reactions will stop.therefore, the key to solve this problem lies in the favorable or harmful effects of these oxygen reactions on downstream pathways.2.at present, most of the researches focus on the oxygen sensing pathway of hypoxia inducible factor pathway at the molecular level, and some researches on oxygen perception at the whole body level. How to effectively combine the two is also the key. Hypoxia and ischemia: most mammalian systems can adapt to hypoxia.however, ischemia may cause hypoxia, but hypoxia does not necessarily cause ischemia.therefore, a good detection technique is needed to sense the subtle difference between hypoxia and ischemia. To do the opposite, everything has two sides and is relative.everyone is paying attention to hypoxia. Why can't we pay attention to the perception of high concentration oxygen? How does the body perceive and respond to high concentration oxygen? What are the effects of excess oxygen on metabolism and aging? None of this is known.new concept: oxygen apparent memory of cancer cell metastasis. Julio Aguirre ghiso, Professor of medicine, hematology and medical oncology, Mount Sinai Icahn Medical College, believes that the breakthrough discovery of oxygen sensing mechanism enables tumor biologists to understand the physiological role between primary tumor cells and their microenvironment.although great progress has been made in the treatment of tumors in situ, the recurrence and metastasis of tumor cells still take away the lives of most cancer patients even after the tumor in situ has been successfully treated or resected. however, the key to understanding the role of hypoxia in cancer is that it does not stop with the removal of primary tumor. poor prognosis is usually caused by cancer cell metastasis, which may occur years to decades after resection of the tumor in situ. how does the hypoxia signaling pathway in situ continue to play a role for many years after surgical resection? The most important treatment for cancer is to inhibit the survival, proliferation and metastasis of dormant diffuse cancer cells. in different oxygen microenvironment, do diffuse cancer cells have phenotype defined epigenetic "memory" in time? This is also an issue worthy of consideration in the field of cancer. Legend: oxidative stress and cancer 1. Oxidative stress and tumor nutrition technology set off an upsurge in functional research. Ursula Jakob, a scientist at the University of Michigan, talked about the biological experience under hypoxia that triggers the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxidants produced by every organism that breathes air. cells use ROS production to activate hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), which in turn mediates metabolism and transcription reprogramming to resist oxidative stress. therefore, hypoxic cancer cells seem to be very suitable for survival in the stress environment with high concentration of ROS. more and more studies believe that local ROS production can promote cell proliferation, differentiation and growth. therefore, cancer cells use ROS production to improve cell survival and promote metastasis. the question is, why have antioxidant therapies been used repeatedly in clinical trials to treat cancer? This may be due to the need for effective ROS signaling in normal cells, and antioxidants can counteract the potential apoptosis of cancer cells induced by ROS. guess what's the next big surprise? 1. What's the next big surprise? 1、 What's the next big surprise? Celeste Simon's team at the Abramson Cancer Research Center at the University of Pennsylvania focuses on the effect of hypoxia on the spread of cancer. the ability to sense and adapt to hypoxia is a basic and highly conserved feature essential to the survival of most life on earth. sufficient oxygen is essential for tumor growth. in the future, we may need to pay more attention to the research of 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase, epigenetics, mitochondrial signaling, ion channels, peptide synthesis and other in vivo energy metabolism processes in hypoxia inducible factor dependent oxygen perception. conclusion: the Nobel Prize in oxygen sensing is a milestone. however, we can not just let this milestone stay in place. We need scientists to think and take this monument to further and higher places. [br / > references; oxygen sensing: after the Nobel, cell (2020), cover pictures and article pictures are from the Internet history article: nature Blockbuster: can fever really cure autism? The truth is not so easy to rewrite textbooks! Scientists may find a new synaptic structure "commemorative edition" salute neuroscientist: review the progress of microglia research in the past century The secret behind anxiety disorder and peripheral immune system special thanks: neuroweekly established communication group 1 autism communication group 2 depression communication group 3 animal model communication group 4 PD communication group 5 neuroscience and technology communication group 6 neuroscience clinician communication group 7 literature sharing and discussion Group 8AD, 9, anxiety, anxiety, disease, communication, 10, learning and memory, 11, microglia, communication, 12 astrocytes, and WeChat. 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