Cell sub-journal interpretation! Reveal how scientists are using tissue stem cells to develop new targeted regenerative medicine therapies!

November 25, 2020 // -- Stem cells (SCs) maintain tissue stability and repair wounds, and despite differences in tissue structure and regeneration needs, stem cells often follow a similar pattern in the transition from static to regenerative in micro-environmental habitat communication, according to a paper published in the international journal Cell Stem Cell entitled "Tissue Stem Cells: Architects" In their study, scientists from Rockefeller University and others highlighted the similarities and differences in the neural components of stem cells by using skin cortitive and skeletal muscle tissue in the most stressed tissues in the body, as well as how stem cells mediate natural tissue regeneration and perform the regenerative behavior of the body caused by damage, and discuss how these communication networks are interrupted during the body's aging. and understanding how the properties of stem cells in tissues can help improve research and development of regenerative medicine therapies.
article, the researchers elaborated on: 1) skin stem cells and their habitats; 2) static and associations with muscle stem cell habitats; 3) the key role of vein systems in muscle stem cell habitats; 4) tissue repair after injury; and 5) body aging. Designing and creating the self-regulating role of one's own habitat requires carefully designing the structural composition of the extracellular substitique, locking stem cells firmly into its habitat, synthesized growth factors and other cell types also involved in cytokines, and so on;
photo source: Elaine Fuchs et al. Cell Stem Cell (2020) doi:10.1016/j.stem.2020.09.011 Still State (Quiescence) is not a passive state that, like differentiation, requires continuous active regulation to maintain; The ability to mediat withdrawal from a stationary state and send signals to cause stem cells to expand, so WNTS or its downstream target β-serial proteins must be controlled at rest, either by isolating the membrane components (such as nerves and muscle calcium mucosa proteins in muscle stem cells β), or by expressing transcription factors that raise the WNT signal threshold.
In order to limit proliferation, stem cells have also deployed a variety of signaling mechanisms to regulate mechanical sensitivity of transcription factor YAP and maintain its phosphorylation modification, thereby preventing its transfer to the nucleus, in which it induces activated stem cell states.
these mechanisms are likely to be common characteristics shared by different stem cell types and their habitats.
Although scientists have been able to use skin stem cells as a successful treatment for burn patients for more than 40 years, stem cell therapy has only recently begun to regain its "viability" because of the ability of scientists to develop most tissue stem cells and strategies to replace or correct genetic mutations involved in genetic diseases.
Of course, the obstacles scientists face in their research will persist, particularly the use of muscle stem cells in cell therapy, and despite progress in the opposite sex, a sufficient number of tissue-derived muscle stem cells may not be easy to produce, and researchers have made significant progress in converting ipsCs into muscle stem cells, but their maturity has yet to improve.
So stem cell strategies that use CRISPR-Cas9 technology to correct mutose protein mutations in mature muscle fibers in patients with Duchy's muscular dystrophy may not have been developed in time, but with clinical trials nearing, researchers have now made some progress in mice and dogs.
challenge that researchers still need to overcome is how to use CRISPR-Cas9 technology to correct the modification of muscle stem cells, which is critical to the later development of new treatments for Duchia muscular dystrophy.
Muscle stem cell regeneration potential is gradually lost during the on-body aging and hereditary muscular dystrophy disease, and in combination with anti-muscular dystrophy or gene replacement therapy, researchers are now using innovative therapeutic strategies for preclinical studies to investigate the potential of this strategy to restore endogenetic aging muscle stem cells in habitats.
researchers will come from an in-depth understanding of the complex crosstalk between stem cells and their habitats, and believe that through further research by scientists, they may be able to develop new therapeutic agents in the future to harness the extraordinary potential of tissue stem cells to realize the therapeutic effectiveness of the disease.
() References: Elaine Fuchs, Helen M. Blau. Tissue Stem Cells: Architects of Their Niches, Cell Stem Cell (2020) doi:10.1016/j.stem.2020.09.011。