Cell: Revealing rising calcosin and abnormal bone marrow cell subse groups can distinguish between severe and mild patients with new coronary pneumonia.

10, 2020 /--- New coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2019 and is now spreading around the world.
it is an envelope virus with a genome for RNA.
SARS-CoV-2 infection can be asymptomatic and can cause a wide range of symptoms, from mild upper respiratory tract infections to life-threatening sepsis.
manifestations of COVID-19 include asymptomatic carriers and outbreak diseases characterized by sepsis and acute respiratory failure.
there is no human vaccine for SARS-CoV-2, but about 120 candidate vaccines are under development.
SARS-CoV-2 is associated with two other highly pathogenic viruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
SARS-CoV-2 has a just, single-stranded RNA genome of 30kb in size.
its outer membrane, which consists of a nuclear crust protein (N) and a membrane protein (M), enclosure protein (E), and a tingling protein (S) encloses its genome.
is known to have abnormalities in myeloid cells in patients with COVID-19.
it is not clear whether congenital bone marrow cell responses vary with the severity of the disease, and whether signs of congenital immunity can distinguish between high-risk patients.
the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, pictured from NIAAD.
In a new study, French researchers performed high-dimensional flow cell analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing on extrinsic blood cells in COVID-19 patients, detecting the disappearance of non-classical CD14LowCD16High mononucleocytes, HLA-DRLow classic mononucleosis, and large amounts of calcitonin (S100A8/S100A9) release in severely ill patients.
findings were published online August 5, 2020 in the journal Cell under the title "Elevated calprotectin and alternative myeloid cell resets severe from Mild COVID-19".
Immature CD10LowCD101-CXCR4/-neutral granulocytes with immunosuppressive effects also accumulate in the blood and lungs of severely ill patients, suggesting emergency bone marrow production.
the researchers found a positive correlation between calcitonin levels in plasma and neutral granulocytes count and disease severity.
They also found that the decrease in calcitonin levels in plasma and the frequency of non-classical monocytes detected using conventional flow cytometers may be able to distinguish between patients with severe COVID-19, suggesting that the two have predictive value and deserve further research for forward evaluation.
meanwhile, in another new study, German researchers found that, contrary to popular belief, the severe course of COVID-19 not only leads to a strong immune response, but also in a continuous activation and suppression cycle.
study was published online August 5, 2020 in the journal Cell under the title "Severe COVID-19 is marked by a dysregulated myeloid cell compartment".
German researchers focused on so-called myeloid cells, which include neutral granulocytes and monocytes.
they are immune cells at the fore end of the immune response chain, meaning they are mobilized to fight infection at an early stage.
they also affect the formation of antibodies and other cells that help improve immunity later in life.
this makes bone marrow cells a key position.
study of so-called neutral granulocytes and monocytes, German researchers found that these immune cells have been activated, i.e. in mild cases, they are prepared to protect patients against COVID-19.
they can also be programmed to activate the rest of the immune system.
eventually leads to an effective immune response to the virus.
But in severe cases of COVID-19, the situation is different: neutral granulocytes and monocytes are only partially activated and do not function properly;
may lead to an inadequate immune response to the coronavirus, as well as severe inflammation of lung tissue.
(bioon.com) Reference: 1.Aymeric Silvin et al. Elevated calprotectin and alternative myeloid cell subsets from mild COVID-19. Cell, 2020, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.002.2.Jonas Schulte-Schrepping et al. Severe COVID-19 is marked by a dyslinged myeloid compartment cell. Cell, 2020, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.001.3.COVID-19: Immune system gone astray.