Cell overview deeply interprets the mysteries of the lncRNAs! It's both conservative and not conservative!

May 28, 2020/PRNewswire
BIOON/ -- Scientists from the RIKEN Center for Integrated Medical Sciences in Japan discussed the mysteries of the lncRNAs in a recent review of the "The Secret Life of The CncRNAs: Conserved, Not Conserved, Not Conserved" published in the International Journal ofCell
Previously, researchers Guo et alhave discovered a new dimension of lncRNA evolution, in which lncRNAs, which are conservatively positioned in human embryonicstem cell, are widely cut and exported to the cytoplasm, while in mice they are largely uncut and retain cell nuclei, so that unique processes can lead to species-specific lncRNA function in polysaccosis maintenancePhoto: Harshita Sharma, et al.
Cell, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.012
mostnon-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) evolve rapidly, as recent researchers have reviewed in a comparative study of mammalian and non-mammalian lncRNAsState, in addition, its function is also affected by subcellular positioning, because lncRNAs can form complex regulatory networks in the nucleus and cytoplasm to regulate a variety of cellular processes, although the treatment and function of lncRNA processing and function of interspecies comparative analysis is largely not explored, the researchers report that a group of human embryonicstem cell express conservative lncRNAs and mouse embryos stem cells
LncRNAs may not be processed in a different way, resulting in different subcellular positioning and function, and the researchers identified 122 sequence conservative and 229 location-conservative lncRNAs, which stem cells in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) compared to human embryos (hESCs) are more conservative, whereas the lncRNAs of hESCs are cut more frequently, which leads to a preference for cytoplasm output and positioning, which is expected to occur to some extent because there is a certain correlation between the splicing and mRNA output a variety of lncRNAs tend to be involved in decision-making stem cell the maintenance of polysaccosis and cell destiny, the researchers were surprised to find that, in order to be able to screen for the most important lncRNA homologous in mESCs and hESCs cytoplasm, including FOXD3 antonyme 1 (FAST), the researchers were surprised that, although mice The knock-out of FAST (mFAST) did not affect mESCs, but the knock-out of human FAST (hFAST) specifically alters the polypotential marker skenos OCT4 and NANOG, and can alter the expression of wnT target genes, which reveals its key role in multi-potential maintenance in hESCs To understand the regulatory mechanism, the researchers analyzed THE FAST congeners that carry wnT signaling pathway proteins, and found that hFAST was repeatedly bound with WD-40 on E3 ubiquitin-connected enzyme b-TrCP through five RNA stem ring structures, and that the binding of hFAST and b-TrCP would block the degradation of b-serial proteins by proteases, thus activating the WNT signal and maintaining the cellular multi-energy state Specific smooth and trans-regulating elements affect the processing and subcellular positioning of lncRNA, and the researchers say that the differential processing and output of hFAST and mFAST are regulated by the splicing factor peptide-based protaphragher E (PPIE), which is expressed more in mESCs than in hESCs, and inhibits mFAST's shearing and transport to cytoplasm Although there are 74% genomic similarities between hFAST and mFAST, mFAST's uncut isomers (subtypes) share more than 16% of the sequence with uncut hFAST, i.e their first exon and inclusion will match hFAST's second exogenous and intron, providing a very interesting example of how rna from two species shows significant differences in the transcription genome Neither mFAST's shear and unseached subtypes can interact with b-TrCP in vitro, which indicates that the structural elements in RNA are the basis for specific interactions; Photo Source: Harshita Sharma, et al.
Cell , doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.012
FAST corresponds to FOXD3, the latter of which is the transcription factor needed for multi-energy maintenance, and it is interesting to note that some undifferentiated hESCs cell lines such as H1 do not express FOXD3, which indicates that FAST can be used as a non-coding protein-coded RNA that is not related to nearby protein genes Multiple stem cell maintained lncRNAs contain a chimericre of repeated components, which are key components that can help define the positioning of lncRNA and the function of gene components So do these lncRNAs have some structural similarities or functional domains provided by duplicate components or short conservative base sequences? If mFAST does not regulate the WNT signal in mESCs, then there may be other regulatory lncRNAs from non-homogenous gene constellations, which may carry a functional sequence similar to hFAST considering multiple factors involved in splicing and RNA output, researchers need to conduct additional RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interaction studies, combining RNA sequence and structural data to understand all elements involved in the mechanism of occurrence, and that ESCs also have very specific transcriptome characteristics compared to other cell types, making it important to analyze the processing across multiple cell types, tissues, and conservative lncRNAs species across multiple cell types, tissues, and in vivo systems researchers say there are undiscovered options in the conservative evolution of lncRNA processing and location, which may extend the current mechanism by which researchers understand the functional evolution of lncRNAs, and later researchers will continue to delve into whether this particular regulatory mechanism is a common feature of lncRNA, not limited to primates or certain cell types (biovalleybioon.com) References: Harshita Sharma, Piero Carninci.
The Secret Life of lncRNAs: Condy, yet Not Conserved , Cell
, 30 April 2020, Pages 512-514, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.012