Cell: Class 3 cells are most susceptible to new coronavirus infection

A new study led by DrJose Ordovas-Montanes of Boston Children's Hospital and DrAlex KShalek of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found in a database the three types of cells most likely to be infected with the virusSurprisingly, the study also found that one of the body's main defenses against viral infections may actually help infect these cellsThe findings were published April 21 in the journal Cell in the form of "early disclosure."researchers say this will help understand how SARS-COV-2 works in the body, why some people feel more likely to feel, and how best to find a curethe three most susceptible cell typesoutbreak, Ordovas-Montanes and Shalek began studying different cell types throughout the human respiratory system and intestines, as well as collecting data on non-human primates and mouse cellsIn February, with the concerted efforts of multiple agencies, they began digging deep into the dataSARS-CoV-2 virus is a receptor binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in human cells through its protrusion proteinThe TMPRSS2 enzyme helps activate the protrusion protein of the new coronavirus, which helps the virus enter the host cellThis led Ordovas-Montanes and Shalek and their colleagues to think: Which cells in the respiratory and intestinal tissues express ACE2 and TMPRSS2 at the same time?to solve this problem, the team turned to single-cellRNA sequencingIt was found that only a very small number (well below 10%) of human respiratory and intestinal cells produced ACE2 and TMPRSS2 at the same timeThese cells are divided into three types: goblet secrete cells in the nasal cavity, type II alveoli cells in the lungs, which help maintain alveoli function, and an absorbent intestinal epithelial cell, distributed in the small intestine, which participates in nutrient absorptionSamples taken from non-human primates showed similar susceptibility cell patternsunique, on 23 April, Nature Medicine magazine published an article entitled "SARS-CoV-2 Entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with nate innate immune genes"Researchers from the Wellcome Sanger Institute and the University Medical Center at Groningen in the Netherlands have found that the receptor proteins ACE2 and TMPRSS2 proteases that activate SARS-CoV-2 entry are expressed in cells in different organs, including in all cells in the nasal airwaysThese two COVID-19 virus proteins have the highest levels of the cup cells and cilia cells that produce mucusThis is most likely the initial route of INFECTION of SARS-CoV-2https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0868-6interferon: Good or bad
back, once you know which cells are susceptible to infection, researchers can proceed to the next step: How do these cells work? Are there anything in these cells that are critical to the life cycle of the virus?made a second discovery from the studyThe researchers observed that the expression of the ACE2 gene appeared to be related to the gene that was switched on by interferonWe know that interferon is a cytokine produced by the body to viral infections that helps fight infection by interfering with virus replication and activating immune cellsIt also opens up a unique set of genes that can help cells fight infectionPrevious studies have shown that ACE2 plays a role in helping lung cells withstand damageBut this is the first time that ACE2 has been shown to be associated with interferon reactionsThe discovery suggests that the new coronavirus may have evolved to take advantage of the host cell's natural defenses, hijacking some proteins for their own usebecause interferon has so many beneficial effects on viral infections that it can sometimes be used to treat infections such as hepatitis B and CNew research suggests that interferon's potential role in combating COVID-19 may be complex On the one hand, it can activate genes that fight infection or help cells fight damage, but on the other hand, it can provide additional targets to help infect more cells with the virus this may also explain why interferon sin is resistant to the virus in some patients, while in others, interferon promotes more infection The researchers hope to find a balance to maintain an effective antiviral response without producing more target cells to infect the virus future, the team also hopes to explore the role of the virus in its targeted cells and study tissue samples from children and adults to understand why young people suffer from COVID-19 references: ' Connecting SARS-CoV-2 Dots: Pinpointing Targeted Cells and Exploring Moling Mol ing's's Sitos-