Cell: Blood drop detection tumors will become possible! Specificity is more than 90%.

Pathologists often use tissue biopsies to diagnose cancer, spread it, and measure treatment responses.
, liquid biopsies are minimally invasive, can be obtained continuously, and can detect cancer at earlier, more curable stages.
has not been clinically available for improved tissue and liquid biopsy tools for cancer detection.
August 13, 2020, Ayuko Hoshino et al. published a research paper online at Cell entitled "Extracellular Vesicle and Particle Biomarkers Multiple Define Human Cancers", which looked at the proteomic characteristics of extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) in 426 human samples from tissue exosedes (TEs), plasma and other body fluids.
in traditional exosome markers, CD9, HSPA8, ALIX, and HSP90AB1 represent pan-EVP markers, while ACTB, MSN, and RAP1B are the new pan-EVP markers.
to confirm that EVP is an ideal diagnostic tool, the study analyzed the proteomics of TE (n s 151) and plasma source (n s 120) EVP.
TE EVP can identify proteins (e.g. VCAN, TNC, and THBS2) that separate tumors from normal tissues with 90% sensitivity/94% specificity.
classification of EVP (including immunoglobulins) from all plasma sources showed a sensitivity of 95%/specificity of 90% when detecting cancer.
, the study defined a group of tumor-type-specific EVP proteins in TEs and plasma that can classify unknown primary tumors.
, EVP proteins can be used as reliable biomarkers for cancer detection and determination of cancer types.
pathologists often use tissue biopsies to diagnose cancer, spread it and measure treatment responses.
, liquid biopsies are minimally invasive, can be obtained continuously, and can detect cancer at earlier, more curable stages.
with the growth of expectations for liquid biopsy technology for early cancer detection, exosomes may provide valuable resources.
exosome is an endogenous source of 30-150nm bubbly, rich in nucleic acids, lipids and proteins, which can communicate between normal physiological and pathologically mediated cells.
previously reported the prognosis and functional importance of exosome proteins from tumor sources in tumor progression, immunomodal regulation, and metastasis.
In addition, the researchers explored the heteroglicity of extracellular nanoparticles, defining three distinct sub-groups, namely Exo-S, Exo-L, and Exogenous, collectively known as extracellular vesicles and particles (EVP).
evidence that EVP can be used for early cancer detection, prognosation and guided treatment.
EVP is actively released into the surrounding cycle at a concentration of 10?9 bubbles/mL, providing sufficient material for downstream analysis.
mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis has become a strategy to gain insight into the biological and clinical potential of circulating EVP.
Although several EVP protein databases are publicly available, knowledge of EVP proteomics remains unknown, including: (1) markers used to reliably isolate EVP in people, independent of tissue sources;
to address this knowledge gap, the study attempts to define EVP protein characteristics to distinguish between cancer patients and healthy individuals.
to identify common EVP markers and improve the separation of human EVPs, the study analyzed 497 human and mouse samples using proteomic analysis.
in traditional exosome markers, 71 kDa thermal shock-related proteins (HSPA8), thermal shock protein HSP 90-beta (HSP90AB1), CD9, and programmed cell death 6 interaction proteins (ALIX) are the most prominent markers of human-sourced EVPs.
the study identified 13 other proteins shared by 50 percent of human samples, greatly expanding the range of human EVP markers.
the study identified cancer-specific EVP protein characteristics by examining EVP proteomics of tumors and neighboring tissues in feasible surgical specimens for pancreatic and lung cancer patients.
In addition, by comparing matching tissue explantations (TE) with plasma-derived EVPs, the study found unique tumor-related EVP proteins in the plasma of cancer patients and determined that EVP plasma proteins originate from tumor micro-environments, distant organs, and immune systems.
next, the study analyzed tissue and plasma EVP proteomics for stage I-IV cancer in several childhood and adult cancers and compared them with non-tumor tissue and health control (HC) plasma.
classification of EVP proteomics showed that the specificity and sensitivity of cancer detection were 90% and 94% of tissues, and 95% and 90% of plasma, respectively.
importantly, plasma-derived EVP can distinguish the type of cancer in patients.
data suggest that tumor-related EVP proteins can act as biomarkers for early cancer detection and classify uncertain primary tumor types.
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