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Being affected by several cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and stroke can greatly increase the risk of
dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
A new twin study conducted by researchers at the Karolinska Institute suggests that the same genes may be behind
the risk of cardiometabolic disease and dementia.
The findings were published in the European Heart Journal
.
Cardiometabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease and stroke are a growing challenge
for society.
As populations age and healthcare improves, people with cardiometabolic disorders live longer and are more likely to develop two or more diseases in their lifetime, known as cardiometabolic disease
.
An estimated 30 per cent of older people are affected and lead to increased
mortality.
"We know that type 2 diabetes, heart disease and stroke are recognized as individual risk factors
for dementia.
As the population ages, more and more people are affected by several comorbid cardiometabolic diseases, but few studies have addressed the impact of this multimorbidity on dementia risk and whether genetic factors influence this relationship," said
Abigail Dove, a PhD student at the Center for Ageing Research at Karolinska Institutet and first author of the study.
The researchers therefore investigated twins
over the age of 60 who were registered in the Swedish Twin Registry between March 1998 and December 2002.
More than 17,000 people were classified
based on whether they had one or more cardiometabolic diseases, or whether they did not have them.
At the start of the study, all study participants were cognitively healthy
.
The researchers monitored the participants' health for up to 18 years to determine which people ended up with dementia and which did not
.
"We found that cardiometabolic multiplicity is associated with more than doubling the risk of vascular dementia and a 50 percent increased risk of Alzheimer's disease," Abigail Dove said
.
For each cardiometabolic disease, the risk of developing all types of dementia increases by 42%.
The corresponding figure for Alzheimer's disease is 26% and for vascular dementia is 64%.
Studies have also found that if a person is diagnosed with a cardiometabolic disorder in middle age, he is at higher risk of developing dementia compared to those whose disease appears later in life
.
According to the study, one explanation for this could be that if the disease emerges early in life, it could be a more aggressive form
.
"These findings highlight the need for special surveillance of individuals with cardiometabolic disorders to reduce their risk of developing dementia in old age," Abigail Dove said
.
The researchers also took a closer look at about 400 pairs of "mismatched" twins in the study population, meaning that two of the twins differed
from each other in terms of the prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders and the possibility of developing dementia.
Of fraternal twins with 50% identical genes, twins with cardiometabolic disorders are more likely to develop dementia
.
However, in identical twins whose genetic replication did not match, the risk of developing dementia was similar
regardless of whether they had cardiometabolic disease.
"The results suggest that the same genetic factors may contribute to cardiometabolic disease and dementia," Abigail Dove said
.
Original:
“ Mid- and late-life cardiometabolic multimorbidity and dementia risk: a nationwide twin study ”, Abigail Dove, Jie Guo, Anna Marseglia, Johan Fastbom, Davide Liborio Vetrano, Laura Fratiglioni, Nancy L.
Pedersen, Weili Xu,European Heart Journal, online December 29 2022, doi: 10.
1093/eurheartj/ehac744
