Bottleneck of modern pig raising and Countermeasures

Introduction: a review of pig raising mode 1 Natural breeding stage Pig is one of the earliest domesticated livestock From domestication to the beginning of the 20th century, pig breeding has always adopted the natural breeding mode, mainly eating a variety of green roughage Pig breeding cycle is long and the ratio of feed to meat is high Because there are many varieties of green roughage in natural breeding, various nutrients and micro elements are complex, the breeding is characterized by the scattered breeding of each household, and the immunity of large and medium-sized pigs is strong Easy to get sick, the result is: delicate meat, rich in trace components, nutrition However, the production efficiency is low, which can not meet the growing needs of people for meat 2 In the 20th century, with the development of chemistry and biology, animal nutrition has become an independent subject, and modern breeding industry has gradually developed and matured It is characterized by taking animal nutrition as the theoretical basis and pursuing higher economic benefits In order to increase the output of animal products, some measures were taken, such as improving varieties, adding various feed additives in the feed As a result, the quality of meat products decreased, the health and safety factors decreased and even harmed human health At present, almost all the pork people eat is feed pork from the farms The feed pigs eat is scientifically formulated by professionals to improve the growth rate and shorten the breeding cycle This kind of feed is composed of corn, soybean meal, bran, several amino acids, several mineral elements, several vitamins, some growth promoting agents and disease prevention antibiotics The so-called full price feed, its nutrient composition is actually very simple, with simple ingredients of feed in a short period of time stacked out of the pork protein with less oil, relatively simple components, such pork will be delicious? It's no exaggeration to cook meat in white water The residues of some chemical growth promoters and some antibiotics in feed in livestock and poultry directly threaten people's health and safety The harm of antibiotics and "Clenbuterol" has been learned In addition, modern people often suffer from hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, hemiplegia, cancer and so on Although there is no evidence that there is a direct causal relationship with modern meat, it can not be said that there is no relationship at all In recent years, studies at home and abroad have gradually found that some additives used in feed in the past, such as some antibiotics, sedative drugs and other residues in livestock and poultry have a considerable harm to human body Many developed countries have introduced feed management measures to prohibit the identified feed additives that are harmful to human beings in the form of laws In the past, the management of feed industry was relatively loose and the abuse of feed additives was serious, which hindered the export of meat products 2 The challenges facing the aquaculture industry in the 21st century 1 Under the guidance of modern animal nutrition theory, the livestock production level has almost reached the limit 2 The contradiction between raising the level of animal husbandry and improving the quality of meat is increasingly prominent 3 Food safety and environmental pollution 4 The cost of breeding is increasing day by day 3 How to achieve a new breakthrough 1 If we want to achieve a fundamental breakthrough in theoretical basis, we must make a breakthrough in theory Traditional animal nutrition is mainly based on the basis of chemistry and traditional biology It regards animals as small meat processing plants and ignores the physiological characteristics of animals Modern animal nutrition should be based on modern physiology and modern molecular biology At the same time, it should draw lessons from the holistic view of traditional Chinese medicine theory, pay attention to the regulation and gene expression of various nutritional factors, and adjust the physiological conditions of pigs in different growth stages to the best state 2 According to the theory of modern animal nutrition, the breakthrough of breeding mode explores a new breeding mode, and considers the animals as the living individuals, in addition to nutrition, whether the animals are in the best physiological state, the best psychological state, and so on 3 The breakthrough of breeding is mainly to cultivate new varieties with good genetic stability and reduce the probability of variety degradation 4 Breakthrough in feed production In order to solve the contradiction between raising the level of animal husbandry production and improving the quality of meat, we should first solve the problem of food safety, minimize the use of synthetic drug additives in feed, reduce the pollution of drug and chemical feed additives in meat, and cause potential threat to people's health; secondly, try to use natural plant ingredients as feed additives The additive can improve the production performance of livestock and poultry and increase the immunity and disease resistance of livestock and poultry Many researchers are committed to this research and find many solutions, among which natural Chinese herbal medicine is regarded as the most valuable resource for development by the majority of animal husbandry workers because of its advantages of non-toxic side effects and no harmful residues In addition, in view of the current breeding mode, a large number of antibiotics are generally added to the feed, which destroys the beneficial flora of the pig intestine and is susceptible to pathogenic bacteria infection It is suggested to use microecological agents in combination with Chinese herbal medicine additives, on the one hand, to improve the immunity of pigs, on the other hand, to increase the beneficial flora of the intestine and fight against the infection of pathogenic bacteria At the same time, reduce environmental pollution China is rich in plant resources According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, any kind of plant has a certain medical effect, among which there are hundreds of plants that can be used as feed additives with the functions of disease resistance, growth promotion and nutrition supplement For example, Astragalus contains up to 14 kinds of trace elements, hawthorn contains more than 70 kinds of ingredients, Atractylodes macrocephala has the effect of invigorating the spleen and Qi, tangerine peel and Shenqu have the function of invigorating the stomach, Codonopsis pilosula, Astragalus membranaceus and Atractylodes macrocephala also have the function of promoting the synthesis and metabolism, Polygonum multiflorum has the estrogen like effect, Astragalus membranaceus and Semen Cassiae can also promote the synthesis of hemoglobin and serum protein Bokai international · Zhengzhou Bokai pharmaceutical science and Technology Co., Ltd developed the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive Bokai Zhiling The test shows that it can effectively improve the lean rate, reduce the fat content of the carcass, increase the growth rate, improve the feed conversion rate, improve the immune resistance, alleviate the stress response, improve the water power of the pork system, improve the body shape, improve the meat quality and flavor, etc Green feed additives are widely used in animal husbandry production, people's health and safety will be guaranteed, the export of animal products in China will no longer be limited by some countries, and animal husbandry enterprises will also improve efficiency with the improvement of product quality IV theoretical basis of traditional Chinese medicine for Chinese herbal feed additives According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the seemingly "comprehensive" feed of modern animal nutrition and the use of various large doses, high concentrations of nutrients and antimicrobial growth promoters force the cell metabolism of animal body to be hyperactive, and strive towards the direction of fat deposition and protein synthesis, which, over time, destroys the natural law of yin-yang balance and coordinated growth of pig body Modern pig production pursues rapid growth, which is based on the accumulation of fat tissue, the increase of protein synthesis, the accumulation of water in muscle connective tissue and the increase of water content, which is the "water dampness" of traditional Chinese medicine The spleen is the foundation of the day after tomorrow Only when the function of the spleen is fully and normally exerted, can the blood vessels of the body be unblocked and nutrients be transported to the whole body, especially the growth and development of muscles and the deposition of various trace flavor substances Good temper, good muscle development, plump, tender, or muscle flaccid, water high, bad taste The spleen is related to the stomach The spleen is not healthy and the stomach is also affected, which leads to dyspepsia And Qi and blood disorder caused by spleen deficiency will damage other internal organs, resulting in dysfunction of lung, liver, kidney, large intestine and stomach Deficiency of lung qi can often lead to symptoms such as lack of hair and diarrhea Deficiency of liver Qi makes the function of liver catharsis abnormal The deficiency of Qi results in blood stasis In addition, the activity is less and blood stasis is further intensified Therefore, the pathological condition of "Qi deficiency and blood stasis, spleen deficiency and water dampness" generally appears in the production stage of medium and large pigs It can be seen that the pursuit of rapid growth will inevitably lead to spleen qi deficiency, and lead to the dysfunction of lung and kidney functions, and finally lead to the imbalance of various links in the body, especially the neuroendocrine immune regulation In addition, the spleen also plays an important role in preventing diseases and resisting the invasion of exogenous pathogens Bokai is good at invigorating the spleen and Qi, the spleen and lung, the stomach, the spleen and stomach The spleen function of these herbs is fully and normal The prescription of Bokai zhizhiling is not a simple accumulation of some drugs, but under the guidance of Chinese veterinary theory, combined with the performance of the drug itself, the drug is purposefully combined and applied It is composed of Polygonum multiflorum, cassia seed, Astragalus membranaceus, dangshen and Atractylodes macrocephala It has the functions of invigorating the middle and Qi, spleen and lung, dampness and water, stomach, kidney, Qi and blood, muscles and bones Among them, Polygonum multiflorum is good at nourishing the liver and kidney, benefiting the blood essence, strengthening the muscles and bones, moistening the intestines and defecating; cassia seed is good at clearing away heat and dampness, moistening the intestines and defecating the bowels; Astragalus membranaceus is good at nourishing the Qi and strengthening the surface, diuresis and toxin; Baizhu skill is good at invigorating the spleen and Qi, drying the dampness and eliminating phlegm; dangshen skill is good at invigorating the middle and Qi, invigorating the spleen and lung; hawthorn skill is good at invigorating the stomach and eliminating food, and dispersing Qi and stasis The combination of various drugs can make the spleen, lung, kidney, Qi, blood and other functions fully and normally play, balance the Yin and Yang of pig body, coordinate the natural law of growth, make it difficult to deposit fat tissue, balance the synthesis of protein, and balance the water accumulation and water content of muscle connective tissue Therefore, it can obviously promote the healthy growth of pigs, improve the quality of pork, increase the rate of lean meat and reduce the fat content of carcasses The medicinal materials we selected are all organic compounds, which are rich in bioactive substances Their functions are not only direct, but also indirect and overall regulation For example, Astragalus contains 14 kinds of trace elements, hawthorn contains more than 70 kinds of ingredients, unknown factors and active substances In addition to the function of single component, these components also have the complex function between them, which is incomparable to the chemical synthetic drugs Therefore, the binding components of each complex of Chinese herbal medicine are mainly regulated as a whole in the mechanism of action, highlighting the corresponding effect on animal body and regulating balance Modern medical research shows that Polygonum multiflorum, Codonopsis pilosula, Astragalus membranaceus and Atractylodes macrocephala can stimulate the growth of the body, enhance the immune ability, improve the growth performance of the body, sterilize and inhibit bacteria, and resist stress, especially can effectively stimulate the gastrointestinal tract and promote the secretion of digestive gland enzyme; Astragalus membranaceus and cassia seed can promote the synthesis of hemoglobin, serum protein and ATPase, which can resist anemia and change It is good at the function of protein metabolism, improving the utilization efficiency of nutrients, increasing the content of serum cholesterol, promoting the regeneration ability and metabolism of the body; it is also rich in amino acids, minerals and vitamins and other nutrients such as dangshen, cassia seed and hawthorn, which is conducive to supplement the deficiency of amino acids, minerals and vitamins in feed, balance and improve Pig ration can improve the efficiency of feed utilization, so as to realize the production potential of pigs, improve the growth performance of pigs, save and reduce the cost; tangerine peel has a mild stimulating effect on the digestive tract, which is conducive to the discharge of gastrointestinal gas accumulation, at the same time, it can increase the secretion of gastric juice and help digestion;