BME: A low-power wireless brain-computer interface for trial in monkeys and people.

The brain-machine interface can help restore lost sensation through stimulation (visual and auditory), or to restore lost motor skills in people with motor disorders (e.g., due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a stroke of the brain and spinal cord injury).
In clinical motor prosthesis applications, the brain-computer interface uses brain activity to estimate the user's intentions and uses this "decoded" intent to guide the person's own limbs or assistive devices, such as prosthetics or computer cursors.
different neurosensors (EED, EED and intradermus electrodes) can be used as brain-machine interfaces for clinical applications.
but for most applications, iBCI will be further improved to make it suitable for a wide range of standards of care for human clinical use.
method: Design a low-power brain-machine interface circuit that trains three male rhesus monkeys (monkeys J, R and L) to perform point-to-point movement of a 6mm radius virtual cursor in a two-dimensional plane, while the other arm is gently constrained.
monkey performed center-out and back-to-back tasks on eight targets with a radius evenly distributed over an 8 cm radius circle.
used standard neurosurgery techniques to implant two (Blackrock Microsystems, Inc.) into monkeys.
array contains a 1mm microelectray grid of 10 x 10, with a center-to-center spacing of 400 m between adjacent electrodes.
arrays of J and R are implanted in the left cortic hemisphere.
enters the main motor cortary (M1) and the other into the back movement pre corty (PMd).
participant T5 was a right-handed, 63-year-old at the time of the study, and had his iBCI cursor control course.
participant T5 implanted two 96-channel in-cortic silicon microelectray arrays (electrode length 1.5 mm, Blackrock Microsystems) in the arm area of the main (left) motor cortation.
T5 also conducted ten research sessions, from which we analyzed the two-minute duration of the cursor movement task.
his task, a 1,000-by-1,000-pixel grid on a computer monitor was divided into 6-by-6 or 9-by-9 grids of gray squares of equal size.
each square is a selectable target, and in each experiment, a square is randomly prompted for the correct target by changing its color to green.
participants must select the correct target (which will lead to the success of the experiment) and avoid selecting any other incorrect targets (which will cause the experiment to fail).
result: iBCIs of special circuits are designed to consume one order of magnitude less power than IBCI built on neuroscience-based specifications.
this could result in a high electrode count of wireless iBCI, reducing power consumption and enabling these circuits to support thousands of channels.
the clinical application of the brain-computer interface.
original source: MedSci original !-- show ended -- the !-- to determine whether the login ended.