Biovalley recommendation: Top 10 heavyweight studies that must be seen in February

In a twinkling of an eye, February is coming to an end What are the highlights of this month's research that we should learn more about? According to the type, heat and research field of this month's news, the editor has selected the top 10 of this month's heavyweight research, and we will learn together Photo source: Renhong Yan, et al Biorxiv (2020) doi: 10.1101/2020.02.17.951848 [1] double pound! The novel coronavirus infection of human body doi:10.1101/2020.02.19.956946 doi:10.1101/2020.02.17.951848 doi:10.1101/2020.02.19.956946 is deeply analyzed by Zhou Qiang research group of University of Hong Kong Recently, novel coronavirus emerge in an endless stream Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) research results are endless No, researchers from the Zhou Qiang research group of West Lake University recently published two articles in the preprint platform bioRxiv The results clearly explained how the new coronavirus attacks human host cells, and the results of the study are helpful for later researchers to improve and develop new therapeutic drugs Often valuable clues and information First of all, in the first research report entitled "structure of digital full length human ACE2 in complex with b0at1", the researchers successfully analyzed the full-length structure of receptor ACE2 of 2019 new coronavirus by means of frozen electron microscope technology; ACE2, angiotensin converting Enzyme2) is the surface receptor of SARS CoV It can interact with spike glycoprotein (s protein) directly ACE2 is also considered as the receptor of 2019 ncov B0at1 (slc6a19) is a neutral amino acid transporter, which can express on the surface of intestinal cells that need ACE2 【2】 Science: new discovery! Obesity, heart disease and diabetes may be contagious! Doi: 10.1126/science.aaz3834 non communicable diseases, including heart disease, cancer and lung disease, are common causes of human death, accounting for 70% of global deaths These diseases are considered non communicable because they are caused by a combination of many factors, including genetics , lifestyle and environmental factors, etc Recently, in a research report published in the international journal Science, researchers from the University of British Columbia and other institutions found that many diseases may be spread among people through the microorganisms living in our bodies, including bacteria, fungi and viruses The researchers say that if our hypothesis is confirmed, it may rewrite the whole book about public health They will build their hypothesis on the connection between three different evidence lines First, the researchers found that the microbiome in the body of people suffering from multiple diseases would change, such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, etc.; second, when the patients' body At last, the researchers also provide evidence that the microbiome can be transmitted in the natural state For example, couples living in the same house have more similar microbiome than twins living separately 【3】 SCI Rep: scientists have successfully isolated kidney stem cells from urine and are expected to develop new therapies for various kidney diseases in the future Doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-57723-2 recently, an international journal published in scientific In the report, scientists from the University of Dusseldorf and other institutions developed a new method through research, which can repeatedly isolate and identify kidney stem cells and urine derived renal progenitor cells from different age, gender and race donors Kidney plays a variety of key functions, such as maintaining the body's liquid level balance, filtering waste from food, drugs and toxic substances, and regulating blood pressure At present, the global prevalence of kidney related diseases is increasing About 19% - 26% of acute kidney injury (AKI) is induced by nephrotoxic drugs Acute kidney injury will eventually progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and increase the risk of death Diabetes, systemic hypertension and glomerulopathy are the main causes of CKD CKD is a global health and economic burden, and also an independent risk factor of inducing cardiovascular disease Due to the lack of organ donors, stem cell-based therapy is considered as an alternative method for the treatment of kidney related diseases Up to now, researchers have established a variety of adult stem cells using bone marrow, cord blood and amniotic fluid Sources, although these sources have a variety of stem cells with regenerative potential, their use value is very limited Cord blood and amniotic fluid can only be obtained before and at birth, while bone marrow requires invasive steps, which is often related to the risk and pain of patients, and kidney biopsy is used to produce human kidney cells for research [4] can novel coronavirus infection be treated with HIV as a "sharp weapon"? News reading: HIV drugs touted as weapon in war on coronavirus Novel coronavirus novel coronavirus infection was treated by China's anti HIV drugs two weeks ago When a clinician was busy trying to control the rapid spread of the new coronavirus, a powerful combination of antiretroviral drugs and influenza drugs appeared, which might become a new effective against this coronavirus infection The new drug is also a new drug that is effective against the new type of coronavirus in Beijing Type B defense means However, the scientific community has no final conclusion on whether the treatment is really effective Some experts say that it may take several years for a specific treatment to be developed Be diagnosed Novel coronavirus is novel coronavirus, which is commonly used in patients with common cold But seasonal influenza is different from the new coronavirus infection So far, the infection of this new coronavirus has infected tens of thousands of people worldwide and caused about 420 deaths, most of which are in China; according to the outbreak of SARS in 2004, Novel coronavirus infection in Beijing was treated by anti AIDS drugs two weeks ago, according to a study published in China 5 China novel coronavirus novel coronavirus or doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585 can be transmitted via fecal route JAMA, a research published in International Journal JAMA, shows that diarrhea is probably the second way of transmission of new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Zhongshan hospital, Wuhan University Early cases showed that novel coronavirus infection was mainly caused by virus droplets produced by coughing patients Therefore, researchers focused on patients with respiratory symptoms and may have neglected the infection related to digestive symptoms In the study, researchers treated 138 patients in Wuhan hospital and found that a total of 10 patients initially presented with diarrhea and nausea a day or two before fever and dyspnea Novel coronavirus was found in the feces of the American patients who had been diagnosed with 2019-nCoV for two days The researchers also reported other similar cases in Lancet (though not frequent) Importantly, novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is also highly infectious in the feces of patients with atypical abdominal symptoms elsewhere, similar to those in SARS patients Photo source: novel coronavirus infection: CC0 Public Domain [6] The Lancet: steroids are more harmful than new ones in the treatment of new coronavirus infection Doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736 (20) 30317-2 recently, an international magazine, the According to the novel coronavirus infection treatment in the Lancet study, scientists from University of Edinburgh say that the treatment of new coronavirus infection may be avoided by using steroids (steroids) Based on the experience and evidence of researchers in treating similar infections such as SARS, researchers believe that steroids have almost no benefits to patients and have disadvantages Yu Li Novel coronavirus should be treated by asthma and other inflammatory diseases Steroids are usually used by doctors to reduce inflammation Inflammation is often present in the lungs of new coronavirus patients During SARS and MERS outbreaks, the lungs of patients also show inflammatory manifestations caused by coronavirus infection However, steroids can damage the immune system's ability to resist viruses and other infections In general, the use of steroids can cause serious damage to the patient's body 【7】 BMJ: more than 45 million people in 406 cities in 20 countries are exposed to ozone pollution every day or will increase the risk of death doi: 10.1136/bmj.m108 Recently, in a research report published in the international journal BMJ, scientists from London School of health and tropical medicine and other institutions found through data research on more than 400 cities in 20 countries that daily sampling exposure to the ground is related to the increased risk of death of people Relevant research results show that if countries implement the most stringent air quality standards, then every year That would have prevented 6000 deaths Ground level ozone is a kind of highly active gas, which is common in urban and suburban environment When pollutants react in sunlight, it will form ozone The current air quality thresholds (in micrograms per cubic meter of ambient air) are 100ug / m3 (who), 120ug / m3 (EU standard), 140ug / M3 (US national ambient air quality standard) and 160 UG / m3 (China air quality standard) 【8】 Bmj-srh: Alert! Individuals with more than 10 sexual partners have a dramatic increase in cancer risk by 91% for women and 69% for men! Doi: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2019-200352 recently, in a research report published in the international journal BMJ sexual & reproductive health, scientists from Vienna Medical University and other institutions found that individuals with 10 or more sexual partners in their lifetime may have a higher risk of cancer The researchers found that in the female population, there are a higher number of sexual partners or they are directly related to the increased risk of long-term restrictive diseases; at present, few studies pay attention to the potential impact of the number of sexual partners on the broad results of the body; in order to fill this gap, the researchers used Elsa (English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, UK's longitudinal aging research program), a national follow-up study of people over 50 years of age living in the UK 【9】 Cell: scientists have successfully made human organs "transparent", which is expected to help develop "artificial organs" for organ transplantation doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.030 Recently, in a research report published in the international journal Cell, scientists from German environmental health research center and other institutions succeeded in making complete human organs transparent for the first time through research; using microscope imaging technology, researchers can reveal the complex structure of transparent organs at the cell level, although the obtained organ map can be used as 3D biological printing technology Template, which may be developed by researchers in the future