Biotechnology and its industrialization in China

Introduction: Biotechnology (Bioengineering) mainly includes two aspects: one is a kind of high-tech which uses the knowledge and means of molecular biology, cell biology, biochemistry and bioinformatics to research, design and transform life system to improve biology and even create new biological varieties; the other is to combine biological system and engineering means to produce required products and provide A type of high technology that requires services Since the birth of modern biotechnology, such as genetic engineering technology, its application has spread over various fields, such as agricultural food, medicine and health, chemical industry and environmental protection, resources and energy, ocean development, etc., which shows the great role and potential of modern biotechnology in solving the major problems of food, health, resources, energy sources, environment and so on Modern biotechnology mainly includes gene engineering, cell engineering, fermentation engineering, enzyme engineering, protein engineering, metabolism engineering, sugar engineering and biochemical engineering At present, gene engineering and biochemical engineering are the core of industrialization 　 The modern biotechnology industry started in the field of medicine In the past decade, the investment in biotechnology in the world has been mainly concentrated in the field of medical biotechnology, and 60% - 80% of the research and development of biotechnology has also been concentrated in the field of medicine Its research results have greatly promoted the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, among which the most important ones are It is the research and commercialization of genetically engineered drugs, known as the "first wave" of biotechnology and its industrial development In recent years, this situation has begun to change With the breakthrough of the "human genome project" and the penetration of biotechnology into various industries, the "second wave" of biotechnology and its industrial development is taking shape Its key areas include agricultural biology, environmental biology, marine biology, energy biology, biochemical industry, biological processing and manufacturing, etc For example, in agriculture, genetic engineering and cell engineering can be used to improve crop varieties and greatly improve agricultural production and quality; in environmental protection, microorganisms or their metabolites can be used to degrade waste and develop new methods of biological treatment, so as to solve the environmental problems in industrial production The research of modern biotechnology in China started around 1980 After nearly 20 years of research and development, biotechnology industry has made great progress, and has a strong competitiveness in the research and industrialization of pharmaceutical biotechnology and agricultural biotechnology According to statistics, in 1986, in addition to traditional biotechnology products (such as antibiotics, alcohol, etc.), the total output value of China's modern biotechnology products (such as monoclonal antibody diagnostic reagents, rapid propagation and virus-free seedlings, Xanthomonas polysaccharide, microbial pesticides) was only about 200 million yuan In recent ten years, a number of genetically engineered drugs have been listed in China, the disease diagnosis technology has changed greatly, the cell engineering breeding has produced great economic benefits, the biological pesticide and biological fertilizer have developed rapidly, and the traditional industry is being transformed At present, the majority of biotechnology enterprises in China are still pharmaceutical biotechnology enterprises.