BioRxiv and Nature Sub-Journal Interpretation! A beneficial class of gut bacteria may play a key role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes!

January 13, 2021 // -- A recent study entitled "Host response to cholestyramine can be mediated by the microbiota" published on the bioRxiv platform and published in Nature In two studies in the journal Communications entitled "Transkingdom interactions between Lactobacilli and hepatic mitochondria", scientists from institutions such as Oregon State University found that some microbes in the gut microbiome may play a key role in the onset of type 2 diabetes. The findings are expected to help develop new probiotic therapies, or to treat the severe metabolic disease, or type 2 diabetes, that affects one in ten Americans.
researcher Andrey Morgun points out that type 2 diabetes is actually a global epidemic and that the number of people diagnosed is expected to rise over the next 10 years; the so-called Western diet, a diet high in saturated fatty acids and refined sugars, is one of the main factors, but now researchers have found that gut microbiomes may also play a key role in regulating the body effects of diet. type
2 diabetes, formerly known as adult diabetes, is a chronic disease that affects the metabolism of the body's glucose; for some patients, the disease means that it is resistant to insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas that promotes sugar into cells; and for others, the body is unable to produce enough insulin to maintain its normal blood sugar levels.
In either case, sugar accumulates in the patient's blood and, if left untreated, can damage the patient's main organs, sometimes causing disability or life-threatening injuries; a key risk factor for type 2 diabetes is the individual's weight, often as a result of a combination of a Western diet and lower physical activity levels.
Photo Source: Unsplash/CC0 Public Domain The Human Gut Microbiome is characterized by more than 10 trillion microbial cells from about 1,000 different bacterial community, and microbiome disorders or disorders often have multiple adverse effects on the health of the body.
researcher Professor Natalia Shulzhenko said studies had shown that microbiome disorders were caused by complex changes caused by hundreds of different microbial interactions; however, the results of this paper show that individual members of the microbiome change through diet and have a significant impact on the health of host bodies. In the
study, researcher Shulzhenko et al. used a new, data-driven systematic biology method called transsecond network analysis, transkingdom network analysis, to study the interactions between host-microbes in Western dietary patterns, which may help researchers investigate whether individual members of the microbiome play an important role in the changes in host metabolism induced by the diet.
The analysis points to specific microorganisms that may affect the body's metabolism of glucose and lipids; more importantly, it allows researchers to infer whether these effects are good or bad for hosts; and the researchers also found a link between these microbes and obesity.
article, researchers identified four units of computational classification (OTUs) that appear to affect the metabolism of body glucose, a means of classifying bacteria based on the similarity of gene sequences; Lactobacillus gasseri, Romboutsia ilealis and Ruminococcus gnavus; the first two microorganisms are considered potential improvers of glucose metabolism; and the other two are considered exacerbaters; and in general, individual types of microorganisms or their interactions may be key participants in type 2 diabetes.
Researchers fed mice the equivalent of a Western diet and then supplemented rodent intake with modifiers and worsener microbes, and found that lactic acid bacteria promoted mitochondrial health in the liver, which meant that it improved the way hosts metabolized glucose and lipids, and that mice treated with lactic acid bacteria had lower fat levels than mice that received a Western diet.
compared the results in mice with earlier human studies, the researchers found that human BMI may have some inertia between the abundance of the four bacteria, with more improved agents meaning the body had a better BMI, and more worsening agents meaning a less healthy body mass index.
researcher Shulzhenko said: 'We found the Romeboutsia ilealis microbiome in more than 80 percent of obese patients, suggesting that the microbe may be a common microbiome among overweight people.'
Overall, the observational findings support what researchers observed in Western diet-fed mice, and when the researchers analyzed all metabolites, they found clues that might explain the probiotic therapeutic effects of lactic acid bacteria.
Lactobacillus is a microbiome that contains hundreds of different bacterial communities, represented by probiotics, often found in many types of fermented foods or lactic acid bacteria, such as yogurt.
Final researcher Morgun said the study sheds light on potential probiotics or new treatments for type 2 diabetes and obesity, while the researchers also explain the molecular mechanisms by which they work;
() References: Nolan K. Newman, Philip M. Monnier, Richard R. Rodriguez, et al. Host response to cholestyramine can be mediated by the gut microbiota, bioRxiv (2020). DOI： 10.1101/2020.12.08.416487【2】Rodrigues, R.R., Gurung, M., Li, Z. et al. Transkingdom interactions between Lactobacilli and hepatic mitochondria attenuate western diet-induced diabetes. Nat Commun 12, 101 (2021). doi：10.1038/s41467-020-20313-x【3】Research shows a few beneficial organisms could play key role in treating type 2 diabetesby Steve Lundeberg, Oregon State University