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Biomedical research rides the wind and waves, and the transcripts of many countries in the world are remarkable

 Last Update: 2022-01-25
 Source: Internet
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Russia: The first anti-new crown injection drug comes out, 4 new crown vaccines are put into mass vaccination

In 2021, the 4 new crown vaccines developed and produced in Russia (adenovirus vaccine "Satellite-V", synthetic vaccine EpiVacCorona, inactivated vaccine Kovivak, "Satellite-Light") have been put into mass vaccination
.

The nasal spray vaccine developed on the basis of the adenovirus vaccine "Satellite-V" is in the experimental stage

Russia has registered the injectable drug Areplivir to treat the new coronavirus
.

Image source: Russian Satellite News Agency

New crown drug research has also made breakthroughs
.

The Russian pharmaceutical company Promomed has successfully developed an injectable Areplivir new crown drug

Russia registers the world's first animal vaccine against the new coronavirus
.

The vaccine was developed by the "Federal Animal Health Protection Center" under the Russian Animal and Plant Health Supervision Agency

The Russian Federal Ministry of Health's National Medical Research Radiation Center pioneered the method of supplying blood to the brain alone, injecting chemotherapy drugs into tumors
.

The drug only destroys cancer cells and is harmless to surrounding tissues and organs

The Russian Ministry of Health's National Medical Research Center for Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases has developed an efficient method for the treatment of AIDS and has obtained a patent
.

This treatment was initiated with a triple regimen including tenofovir, followed by a dual regimen of dolutegravir and emtricitabine after 6 months of medication and initial response

United States: New crown-related research is steadily progressing, and gene editing technology is progressing rapidly

On the issue of tracing the origin of the new coronavirus, American scientists found that the new coronavirus spread in the United States as early as December or even November 2019, and also discovered the reason why the new coronavirus destroys the lungs: the envelope protein "hijacks" the connexin to promote the spread of the virus
.

In addition, scientists have detected the new coronavirus in the laboratory using graphene

U.
S.
researchers have developed a 3D-printed vaccine patch that can be vaccinated without an injection
.

Image source: Physicist Organization Network

In the field of basic biology, scientists at the Scripps Research Institute have proposed that the first life forms on Earth may have arisen from a mix of RNA-DNA
.

Thomas Jefferson University researchers have discovered for the first time that mammalian cells can convert RNA sequences back into DNA, a discovery that could challenge long-held views of biology and have broad implications for many fields of biology

In terms of gene editing tools, American researchers have invented a new gene editing technology that can edit cutting points or editing points in chronological order, which is expected to promote the development of cancer research and other fields; designed a new gene called CRISPRoff Editing technology, which can "silence" certain genes without changing the DNA sequence, provides a powerful tool for studying epigenetic mechanisms, treating major diseases, and developing new coronavirus vaccines; for the first time in a non-human primate model The efficient and precise editing of a gene splicing site called PCSK9 has been achieved, providing a new idea for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
.

Most importantly, NTLA and Regeneron announced that the CRISPR gene editing therapy NTLA-2001 has achieved positive results in a phase I clinical trial, which is the first demonstration of the therapy's efficacy in humans and is expected to usher in a new era of medicine
.
CRISPR technology pioneer Professor Feng Zhang and others have developed a new RNA delivery platform that is expected to bring new changes to gene therapy
.

In terms of new drugs and new treatments, the FDA approved the first treatment for childhood progeria
.
A new optogenetic therapy has successfully restored partial vision in a blind man with retinitis pigmentosa (RP)
.
In addition, the FDA approved aducanumab (Aduhelm), a monoclonal antibody therapy for Alzheimer's disease developed by Biogen, which is the first FDA-approved therapy for Alzheimer's disease since 2003
.

In terms of genome research, scientists have sequenced 3.
055 billion base pairs of the entire human genome, and the new results have increased by 200 million base pairs and more than 2,000 genes
.
Google artificial intelligence scientists have released the most comprehensive and detailed "map" of the human brain to date, containing 130 million synapses and tens of thousands of neurons, providing an important resource for studying the human brain
.

In addition, scientists have grown lung organoids in the laboratory that are the closest to human lungs to date; successfully transplanted pig kidneys into humans; and discovered a second case of HIV infection that recovered without treatment
.
A team of Chinese and American scientists has created the first embryos made of a combination of human cells and monkey cells.
The chimeras could help scientists further grow human tissue in other species, such as pigs, but the research has also sparked some ethical controversy
.

France: Found the virus closest to the new crown to develop advanced whole-genome technology

In the fight against the new crown epidemic, France is concerned about reducing the risk of severe illness
.
Through large-scale data statistics and research, a French research team has identified various factors that may increase the risk of severe illness and death in patients with new coronary pneumonia
.
The survey identified 46 chronic diseases that were associated with the risk of severe illness and death from COVID-19, and pointed out that 7 diseases significantly increased the risk of severe illness and death in patients with COVID-19
.

In terms of virus traceability research, the Pasteur Institute of France released a report that the bat coronavirus that is closest to the new coronavirus so far has been found in northern Laos.
It shares key characteristics with the new coronavirus and may have an evolutionary relationship with the new coronavirus
.
This research provides clues to the origin of the new coronavirus, and also brings scientists closer to determining the origin of the new coronavirus
.

Scientists at the Pasteur Institute and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a technique for reconstructing whole genomes, including the human genome, on a personal computer, about 100 times faster than current state-of-the-art methods and using only one-fifth of the current a resource
.
This research uses words rather than letters as the compressed building blocks for language models that can represent genomic data more compactly
.

French scientists have also discovered a potential long-term, cost-effective strategy for treating asthma, which may offer hope for the future of this stubborn ailment
.
The French team has developed two new vaccines targeting the signaling molecules interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13), which, after inoculating humanized mouse models, were found to protect against Allergy-induced asthma
.

Japan : Breakthroughs in vaccine drug research and development continue to make progress in cellular immunotherapy

Japan used the vaccinia virus vector to develop a new crown vaccine, and animal experiments confirmed it to be effective
.
Shiga Medical University, Tokyo Metropolitan Medical Research Institute and National Institute of Infectious Diseases jointly developed a new coronavirus genetically recombinant DIs strain vaccine
.

The Kyoto University research team found that air pollution is likely to expand the new crown infection and cause severe disease
.
They investigated that inhalation of PM (collected from the atmosphere using a cyclone method) increases two proteins, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, which promote viral invasion, and PM provides more entry points for the new coronavirus to invade
.

A study by Kyoto University in Japan found that air pollution may expand the infection of the new coronavirus and lead to aggravation
.
Image source: Objective Japan website

Kyoto University has also developed a method for producing T cells efficiently and on a large scale from human iPS cells under conditions suitable for clinical applications.
Cancer CAR-T cell therapy is expected to be applied to various diseases as immunotherapy using T cells
.

A team composed of researchers from Hiroshima University and Kyoto University has developed a technology to efficiently produce "neutralizing antibodies" for the new coronavirus, which can be obtained within 10 days, and is also effective against mutant viruses
.
Another team of the school has developed a new diagnostic technology with high sensitivity and high precision, which can detect the new coronavirus in 5 minutes
.

In addition, a research team composed of Kyushu University, Harvard Medical School and Hokkaido University developed the LIGHTHOUSE artificial intelligence system, which can use amino acid sequences to explore new drugs and discover compounds that are expected to treat the new coronavirus
.

UK: Identify the underlying cause of severe new crowns and successfully cultivate bile duct "organoids"

In terms of new crown anti-epidemic-related testing, British scientists have found for the first time that an immunosuppressed patient has different variants of the new crown virus while receiving convalescent plasma treatment
.
After receiving plasma treatment, the dominant new coronavirus variant contains a deletion mutation on the variant B.
1.
1.
7 found in the United Kingdom
.
The findings suggest the possibility that when immunosuppressed patients develop long-term viral replication, the new coronavirus in their bodies may evolve
.

Researchers at the University of Oxford have developed a new model that can trace the age of the virus on longer time scales
.
Using this model, they reproduced for the first time the pattern of the decay rate of coronavirus mutation, inferring that the coronavirus first broke out 21,000 years ago
.

The School of Biological Sciences at the University of Kent and the Institute of Medical Virology at Goethe University in the UK have identified potential factors that lead to severe COVID-19
.
They found that high levels of the CD47 protein prevent the body from an effective immune response, increase disease-related tissue and organ damage, or lead to higher levels of COVID-19 severity
.

In terms of regenerative medicine research, a research team led by British scientists has successfully grown bile duct "organoids" using the latest technology in the laboratory, which can be used to repair damaged livers in humans
.
This is the first time it has been demonstrated that the human liver can be enhanced or repaired using cells grown in the laboratory, and the technology paves the way for the development of cell therapies to treat liver disease, potentially easing the woes of organ transplants in the future
.

Scientists at the Wellcome Sanger Institute in the UK have developed a new method called nanosequencing to study how genetic changes occur in human tissue with the highest accuracy to date
.
This achievement represents a major advance in cancer and aging research
.

Germany: New crown vaccine development is mixed, immune cell therapy is expected to break through

In terms of new crown vaccine research and development, Germany's BioNTech has cooperated with American Pfizer to successfully launch an mRNA new crown vaccine
.
But more than a dozen other new crown vaccine research and development projects in Germany have failed, including CureVac and IDT Bilogika, which received huge federal funding
.
On the other hand, the German Federal Ministry of Justice insists on IP protection as a market incentive for private companies to develop vaccines
.
Despite intense public pressure, Germany has clearly opposed the adoption of international patent exceptions for vaccine production during the Covid-19 pandemic
.

Germany's BioNTech has cooperated with Pfizer in the United States to successfully launch an mRNA new crown vaccine
.
Image credit: Nature website

In terms of new crown drug research and development, institutions such as the German Center for Infection Research have found that after the new crown virus penetrates human cells, it requires guanylate kinase 1 to grow and reproduce, which can become a breakthrough in drug development
.
The Paul Ehrlich Institute found that membrane fusion mediated by the new coronavirus spike protein is also one of the pathogenic mechanisms
.
The University of Bonn has discovered two active ingredients that inhibit the reproduction of the new coronavirus
.
A team from the University of Frankfurt identified a new target for the treatment of COVID-19 during the metabolism of pentose phosphate
.

The Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine in Germany found that the brain's "functional hypoxia" stimulates the formation of new synapses and nerve cells; with moderate application of isoflurane, the permeability of the blood-brain barrier can be controlled like a switch ; artificially synthesized exosomes and verified its role in promoting wound healing and vascular proliferation
.
The Metabolic Institute found that the gut and brain communicate with each other to adapt to satiety and blood sugar levels during food intake
.
Institutions such as the Institute of Molecular Genetics have found that the ability of mouse sperm to advance depends on the protein RAC1
.
The Institute of Molecular Physiology reconstructs centromeres in mitosis, paving the way for making synthetic chromosomes
.
The Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology found that pathogenic bacteria can instantly change the components of their injection devices in response to different environments in the human digestive tract
.
The Institute of Plant Molecular Physiology found that whole organelles with genomes can move between plant cells
.

Cancer Research Center and others successfully tested neoantigen-specific transgenic immune cell therapy against malignant brain tumors in a mouse experimental model for the first time; discovered a new growth factor produced by blood vessels that enables tumor cells to metastasize to organs; found Inhibition of key metabolic drivers can prevent cancer spread as well as epilepsy
.

The University of Wurzburg has found that a drug commonly used to treat fungal infections is effective against prostate cancer
.
The Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research has discovered a mechanism that regulates the movement of individual cells to examine the interaction between host cells and pathogens
.
The Helmholtz Munich Center has identified 52 genetic risk factors and drug targets for osteoarthritis
.

South Korea : New crown-related research has yielded fruitful artificial intelligence applications

South Korea established the "New Generation mRNA Vaccine Platform Technology Consortium", centered on the backbone enterprises with advantages in the fields of raw materials, vaccine production, and new drug research and development in South Korea, and supported by the South Korean Innovative Drug Consortium, aiming to establish a new crown vaccine research and development and large scale.
mass production system
.

The RNA research team of the Korean Academy of Basic Sciences completed a study on the protein pattern of coronaviruses, and found 109 proteins that bind to the new coronavirus based on specific RNA-binding proteins
.

Korean scholars have discovered that bellflower contains a natural ingredient that can block the infection of human cells by the new coronavirus
.
This ingredient can inhibit the activity of cathepsin and TMPRSS2 protease, thereby blocking the process of the new coronavirus integrating into human cells
.

An artificial intelligence technology from Seoul National University can optimize the electromagnetic wave shape of MRI examination, so as to better balance electromagnetic radiation safety and imaging effect
.

The Korea Institute of Science and Technology has developed a drug development technology that uses a virtual method to screen new crown drugs from existing drugs
.
The research team of the academy also identified for the first time the mechanism by which the brain's memory neurons selectively establish synapses, which is expected to benefit diseases related to memory disorders such as dementia and schizophrenia
.

A joint research team in South Korea has developed an artificial blood vessel and blood circulatory system platform to solve the problem of immune rejection in artificial organ transplantation
.

Scientists have also developed a technology that uses AI to predict falls in real time, which could potentially provide protection for the elderly
.

Ukraine : Biosensor for the determination of arginine comes out and the first atomic model of the eEF1B complex is established

In June 2021, the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine developed a biosensor for the determination of arginine
.
This sensor, with its low assay limit, high operational stability and wide assay range, is a convenient and reliable device for the detection of arginine from natural and synthetic sources, and can be used to prevent and compensate for arginine deficiency as a necessary measure for product quality control
.
In September, another research team at the institute built the world's first atomic model of the eEF1B protein complex, a finding that provides the basis for understanding one of the most important processes in human cells, protein biosynthesis
.

At the moment when the epidemic is raging, new coronavirus research is also the focus of Ukrainian scientists
.
In September 2021, the Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine made progress in research on the prevention of acute lung injury in patients with the new coronavirus
.
Scientists can select several compounds that inhibit the ability of granulocytes to uncontrollably form neutrophil extracellular traps
.
Scientists use computer simulations to predict compounds with the desired biological activity and synthesize compounds that meet the requirements
.
The selected compounds have very good effects in preventing acute pneumonia neutrophil-dependent injury in patients with new coronary pneumonia, and are expected to be used for further drug development, thereby avoiding the most dangerous consequence of new coronary pneumonia - acute dyspnea syndrome
.

Brazil: Focus on the layout of new crown-related research and development , vaccine trials have made gratifying progress

The Butanvac vaccine was developed by the Butantan Institute in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil
.
The vaccine uses a viral vector with an intact coronavirus spike protein to produce inactivated virus, in a process similar to that used for flu vaccines
.
The vector virus used for the vaccine is chicken Newcastle disease virus
.
This is a disease that only infects birds.
It has high infectivity and mortality among birds, but it does not cause symptoms in humans and does not pose a life-threatening threat to humans
.

A new crown vaccine developed by the Ribeirao Preto Faculty of Medicine at the University of São Paulo has completed animal testing and is waiting for the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency to approve its application for clinical trials
.
The domestic new crown vaccine developed by the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro has also applied to the health supervision department, and the first and second human trials will be carried out in the near future
.

The Brazilian Ministry of Health stated that in order to support domestic scientific research institutions to develop a new crown vaccine, the National Science and Technology Development Commission of Brazil has set up a new crown special fund with a total amount of 50 million reais (about 10 million US dollars) to finance related laboratories.
Carry out scientific research
.

Israel: Optimistic results of new crown drugs, slow progress of domestic vaccines

In 2021, a number of Israel's new coronary pneumonia treatment drugs have achieved relatively optimistic experimental efficacy, and they may enter the market in the near future, saving more lives
.

In February, the results of the first phase of the clinical trial of the new anti-new coronary pneumonia drug "EXO-CD24" developed by Israel's Izirov Hospital were announced.
Of the 30 patients who participated in the experiment, 29 were cured and discharged within 5 days, and no one had serious drug side effects; In August, the Phase II clinical trial of the drug achieved good results again
.
The drug is currently undergoing further trials
.

In May, MesenCure, a new crown treatment drug developed by Israel's Bonus Biological Group, successfully cured 10 severe new crown patients in a trial
.
In August, the government approved an expansion of clinical trials to allow more hospitals to use the drug
.
It is reported that MesenCure is composed of "mesenchymal cells" extracted from adipose tissue of healthy volunteers
.

New crown treatment drug MesenCure developed by Israel's Bonus Biological Group
.
Image source: Bonus Bio Group Inc.
website

In December, the BriLife new crown vaccine developed by the Israel Institute of Biological Research officially opened the 2b/3 clinical trial through safety analysis
.
The vaccine is more than 80% effective and still has a high protective effect after half a year of vaccination.
About 200 volunteers in Israel who have been vaccinated with BriLife do not even need a booster shot
.

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