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"How many days are left before the annual vacation, only 50 days!" "Why is it only Tuesday today? There is still a long time before the weekend
.
" Conversations like this may be a daily routine for workers
Why can't everyone concentrate on their work? The latest research by Li Bo's research team at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in the United States has answered everyone's doubts very well
In the early 19th century, German neuroanatomist Johann Christian Reil named the insular cortex for the first time.
Later studies found that this brain area is not only involved in processing sensory information such as taste, but also has the function of regulating emotion and cognitive behavior
.
When the insula is damaged or has abnormal functions, it may lead to a decline in motivation, and it is also closely related to depression and other psychological and mental diseases
Previous studies on activity, motivation, and neuronal activity have found that pyramidal neurons located in the deep layer of the insular cortex project directly to the brainstem .
Researchers tracked the downstream neural circuits of neurons and found that one of the specific projection brain areas is the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the brainstem (traditionally, the nucleus tractus solitarius acts as a relay station for the brain to transmit taste information) .
In the next study, using optogenetic manipulation, they tested whether the previously observed function of aIC Fezf2 Fezf2 neurons is achieved through the loop of aICFezf2 neurons to the nucleus of the solitary tract .
The results of RFR (mouse running on a roller to get rewards) and GO/NO-GO association tasks show that the activity of aIC Fezf2 Fezf2 neurons to the nucleus tractus solitarius can promote "demand", but it will not affect the normal human body.
State or automatic behavior .
Schematic diagram of the neural circuit from the insular Fezf2 neuron to the nucleus tractus solitarius.
In addition, they also found that the regulation of the dynamics of the neural circuit from the Fezf2 neuron of the insula to the tractus solitarius nucleus is affected by the individual's internal state, the value of the external reward stimulus, and Influence of learning experience .
When the mouse is in a state of food and clothing, the value of the reward stimulus is small, or the mouse has not learned to receive the reward, the optogenetic activation of this loop has a weak ability to regulate dynamic behavior .
Finally, the researchers conducted simultaneous optogenetic activation experiments and fiber-optic recording of dopamine signals in the nucleus accumbens and found that enhancing the activity of the nerve loop from Fezf2 neurons to the nucleus tractus solitarius can increase the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens .
The regulating effect of the neural circuit from the insula Fezf2 neuron to the nucleus tractus solitarius on motivation is affected by the individual's internal state, the value of the external reward stimulus, and the learning experience .
AIC Fezf2 Fezf2 to the neural circuits of the solitary tract nucleus promote NAc dopamine release All in all, the study revealed a specific neural circuit mechanisms involved in the regulation insula power .
The neural circuit that regulates the insula to the nucleus tractus solitarius can weaken or enhance the individual's power without affecting other aspects, which is significantly different from the traditional neural circuit that controls power .
This discovery may provide a new direction and exploration path for the treatment of addiction, depression and other related mental illnesses .
org/10.
1038/nrn894 [1] [2] https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
cell.
2021.
11.
019 This article is a biological exploration original, welcome to share
.
If any other media or website needs to be reprinted, the source must be indicated before the main text
.
Leave a message here
.
" Conversations like this may be a daily routine for workers
Why can't everyone concentrate on their work? The latest research by Li Bo's research team at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in the United States has answered everyone's doubts very well
In the early 19th century, German neuroanatomist Johann Christian Reil named the insular cortex for the first time.
Later studies found that this brain area is not only involved in processing sensory information such as taste, but also has the function of regulating emotion and cognitive behavior
.
When the insula is damaged or has abnormal functions, it may lead to a decline in motivation, and it is also closely related to depression and other psychological and mental diseases
Previous studies on activity, motivation, and neuronal activity have found that pyramidal neurons located in the deep layer of the insular cortex project directly to the brainstem .
Researchers tracked the downstream neural circuits of neurons and found that one of the specific projection brain areas is the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the brainstem (traditionally, the nucleus tractus solitarius acts as a relay station for the brain to transmit taste information) .
In the next study, using optogenetic manipulation, they tested whether the previously observed function of aIC Fezf2 Fezf2 neurons is achieved through the loop of aICFezf2 neurons to the nucleus of the solitary tract .
The results of RFR (mouse running on a roller to get rewards) and GO/NO-GO association tasks show that the activity of aIC Fezf2 Fezf2 neurons to the nucleus tractus solitarius can promote "demand", but it will not affect the normal human body.
State or automatic behavior .
Schematic diagram of the neural circuit from the insular Fezf2 neuron to the nucleus tractus solitarius.
In addition, they also found that the regulation of the dynamics of the neural circuit from the Fezf2 neuron of the insula to the tractus solitarius nucleus is affected by the individual's internal state, the value of the external reward stimulus, and Influence of learning experience .
When the mouse is in a state of food and clothing, the value of the reward stimulus is small, or the mouse has not learned to receive the reward, the optogenetic activation of this loop has a weak ability to regulate dynamic behavior .
Finally, the researchers conducted simultaneous optogenetic activation experiments and fiber-optic recording of dopamine signals in the nucleus accumbens and found that enhancing the activity of the nerve loop from Fezf2 neurons to the nucleus tractus solitarius can increase the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens .
The regulating effect of the neural circuit from the insula Fezf2 neuron to the nucleus tractus solitarius on motivation is affected by the individual's internal state, the value of the external reward stimulus, and the learning experience .
AIC Fezf2 Fezf2 to the neural circuits of the solitary tract nucleus promote NAc dopamine release All in all, the study revealed a specific neural circuit mechanisms involved in the regulation insula power .
The neural circuit that regulates the insula to the nucleus tractus solitarius can weaken or enhance the individual's power without affecting other aspects, which is significantly different from the traditional neural circuit that controls power .
This discovery may provide a new direction and exploration path for the treatment of addiction, depression and other related mental illnesses .
End
EndReference materials:
Reference materials: [1] https://doi.org/10.
1038/nrn894 [1] [2] https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
cell.
2021.
11.
019 This article is a biological exploration original, welcome to share
.
If any other media or website needs to be reprinted, the source must be indicated before the main text
.
Leave a message here
