August 21, 2020 Science Journal Essence.

!-- webeditor: page title -- August 29, 2020 // --- This week, a new issue of Science (August 21, 2020) was published. Let the little editor come with us.
images from the Journal of Science.
1.ScienceDaily: Great progress! In a new study, researchers from France, Sweden, China, the United States, Canada, Italy, Spain, Denmark, Hungary and the Netherlands found that a class of gut bacteria called enterococcus carries a class of phages that regulate the immune response.
phages can be integrated into the genome of enterococcus, called prophages.
they reported microbial antigens that may cross-react with antigens associated with tumor cells.
study was published in the August 21, 2020 issue of the Journal of Science under the title "Cross-reactivity between tumor MHC class I-restricted antigens and an enterococcal bacteriophage."
further, the researchers identified in Enterococcus hirae prophages (prophage) the existence of a major tissue-compatible complex Class I (MHC-I) binding table: TSLARFANI (called TMP1).
the phage TMP protein length of 1506 amino acids, this table corresponds to its amino acid bit point of 187 to 197.
mice carrying hysterectococcals containing protophages can produce TMP-specific H-2Kb restrictive CD8-T lymphocyte reactions while receiving immunotherapy for cyclophosphamide or anti-PD-1 antibodies.
to provide mice with genetically modified bacterial strains that express this TMP prolosis to improve their immunotherapy.
2.Science: Revealing that the protein BTN3A1 regulates the anti-tumor immune response mechanism doi:10.1126/science.aay2767T cells are immune cells that can be activated by their gamma or alpha beta-behemoths, which can be divided into gamma T cells and alpha-T cells.
both types of T-cells are found in most human cancers, but current immunotherapy does not take advantage of their synergetic anti-tumor activity. The activation of
t-T cells can be caused by butyrophilin and lactose-like molecules, which are structurally similar to members of the immunosuppressive B7 family, but how they regulate and coordinate alpha beta T cell responses and gamma-T cell responses remains unknown.
a new study, researchers from several U.S. research institutions found that BTN3A1 and BTN2A1, two members of the lactose lipoprotein family, worked together to activate the most abundant subpopulation of gamma T cells in the outer blood.
study was published in the August 21, 2020 issue of the Journal of Science under the title "BTN3A1 Governs antitumor responses by coordinating alpha beta and t-cells."
authors also report that lactose-thyoprotein BTN3A1 inhibits the activation of tumor-reactive alpha beta T cell receptors by preventing N-glycosylated CD45 from falling off immune synapses.
they found that CD277-specific antibodies converted BTN3A1 from immunosuppressive molecules into immunostatification molecules, dynamically inducing coordinated anti-tumor immune responses driven by alpha beta T cells and gamma T cells, thereby preventing the progression of ovarian cancer.
specifically, CD277-specific antibodies can co-restore the effect activity of alpha beta T cells and the lethal effect of BTN2A1-dependent gamma T cells on BTN3A1-positive cancer cells.
3.Science: Chinese scientists have revealed that follicular-assisted T-cells expressing SOSTDC1 promote follicular regulation T-cell differentiation doi:10.1126/science.aba6652 Follicular cell helper, TFH is CD4 plus T cells that promote the production of B-cell antibodies and B-cell memory response in the hair center of lymphatic organs.
these activities are also restricted by follicularly regulated T cells (T follicular helper cell, TFR).
of TFR cells can be enhanced by a central reaction.
, the molecular clues that drive TFR cell formation are still unknown, meaning the origin of TFR cells is unknown.
In a new study, researchers from research institutions such as China's Third Military Medical University, Tsinghua University, Wuhan University and Qilu Hospital of Shandong University found that osteoclerotic protein 1 (sclerostin domain-containing protein 1) secreted by a TFH cell subset and fibroblast cell mesh cells that are rich in T-B cell boundaries. SOSTDC1) promotes TFR cell production by inhibiting the transduction of the Wnt-beta-catenin signal, which is necessary for the development of TFR cell production.
study was published in the August 21, 2020 issue of the Journal of Science under the title "SOSTDC1-producing follicular helper T cells promote regulatory follicular cell cell solution."
In reported mice, cell fate tracking and transcription group evaluation determined that TFH cells expressing SOSTDC1 were a unique group of T-cells that were produced after SOSTDC1 negative TFH cells (i.e., TFH cells that do not express SOSTDC1) and lost the ability to assist B cells in producing antibodies.
!--/ewebeditor:page--!--webeditor:page-title--4.Science: Major progress! Oral non-nucleoside STING astrologist MSA-2 showed significant anti-tumor activity doi:10.1126/science.aba6098; Doi:10.1126/science.abc6622STING protein is activated by its natural ligand--- cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate, cGAMP), triggering signal transductivity and inducing the release of type I interferon and other inflammatory cytokines.
interferons controlled by STING to produce participatory antiviral defenses and anti-tumor immune responses.
the use of drugs to activate STING is considered a promising cancer treatment strategy.
a new study, researchers from Merck in the United States found that a previously unknown compound (MSA-2) can be systematically drugged and prioritized to target tumors through its unique mechanism of action.
addition, MSA-2 is easy to take oral, which is an ideal route due to its convenience and low cost.
study was published in the August 21, 2020 issue of the journal Science under the title "An orally available non-nucleotide STING agonist with antitumor activity."
5.ScienceDaily: Great progress! Small molecule STING activator SR-717 showed significant anti-tumor activity doi:10.1126/science.abb4255; Doi:10.1126/science.abc6622 In a new study, researchers from the Scripps Institute in the United States found that a molecule activates an immune-enhancing protein called STING.
this finding marks a key advance in oncology, as STING proteins are known for their powerful anti-tumor properties.
study was published in the August 21, 2020 issue of the Journal of Science under the title "Antitumor activity of of the a systemic STING-activating non-nucleotide cGAMP mimetic". Co-author of the
paper, Dr. Luke Lairson, an associate professor in the Department of Chemistry at the Scripps Institute, and colleagues found that their optimized STING activator, which they named SR-717, appeared to activate the STING protein in the same way as the natural activators in their bodies.
by imaging atomic-scale interactions using X-ray diffraction crystal analysis, they found that both SR-717 and a known natural activator bind to the same bits on STING and induce the same shape changes in the protein.
SR-717 is a non-nucleoside cGAMP analog.
In animal models of invasive melanoma, it significantly inhibits tumor growth, prevents metastasis, induces tumor molecules to be presented to the immune system, and strongly raises the levels of CD8-plus T cells and NK cells around the tumor--- both of which are known to be the most powerful anti-tumor weapons in the immune system.
at effective doses, there is no evidence that SR-717 has significant adverse side effects on animals.
6.Science: For the first time, a digital map of the structure of human brain cells ---Julich-Braindoi:10.1126/science.abb4588Julich-Brain is the name of the first three-dimensional map of the brain that reflects changes in brain structure at micro resolution.
the map has nearly 250 structurally different regions, each based on an analysis of 10 brains.
24,000 extremely thin slices of the brain were digitized, assembled in three-dimensional and mapped by experts.
as part of the EBRAINS research infrastructure of the European Human Brain Project, the map serves as an interface to connect information about the brain in a spatially accurate way.
team, led by Dr. Katrin Amunts, published the new brain map in the journal Science under the title "Julich-Brain: A 3D probabilistic atlas of the human brain's cytoarchitecture."
under the microscope, it can be seen that the structure of the human brain is not uniform, but is divided into clearly identifiable areas.
these regions vary in the distribution and density of nerve cells and in their function.
Julich-Brain, the team has now come up with the most comprehensive digital map of brain cellular structure, which is available worldwide through the EBRAINS research infrastructure.
7.Science: New study gives hope to patients with diabetic retinal lesions doi:10.1126/science.aay5356; doi:10.1126/science.abd7063 According to a new study published recently in the journal Science, the authors reveal the underlying mechanisms of retinal lesions in diabetic retinal lesions.
findings may help develop treatments for these serious diabetes complications.
study was carried out by Dr Jean-Sébastien Joyal and others from the CHU Saint-Justine Research Centre affiliated with the University of Montreal.
the study, blood vessels used a series of molecular "brakes" to stop abnormal vascular growth, which were activated in an accelerated manner similar to natural cell aging.
, these mechanisms are clearly activated in a process called cell aging, which eventually leads to scarring of retinal tissue.
when in aging mode, the inflammatory molecules produced by blood vessels become targets for immune cells called neutral granulocytes.
is thought to be the first reaction of the immune system, studies have shown that neophils lag relatively late in reaching the retina, mainly to help clean and reshape damaged blood vessels.
!--/ewebeditor:page--!--ewebeditor:page"--more broadly, the results of this study suggest that the destruction of senescing blood vessels leads to beneficial vascular remodeling processes.
, the study provides an understanding of endothoste cell function and reveals the causes of complications such as myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and stroke in older populations.
8.Science: Researchers from research institutions such as the University of Maryland School of Medicine in the United States evaluated several human antibodies to determine the most effective combination and use this combination as a promising antiviral therapy against the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-22 that led to COVID-19 in a new study.
the study showed the use of genetically engineered mice and patients from recovering COVID-19.