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Astrocytes derived from patients with bipolar disorder affect neuronal activity

 Last Update: 2021-03-23
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Astrocytes are a type of brain cell derived from induced pluripotency in patients with bipolar disorderbioon.
com/course_video/gan-xi-bao-zhi-liao-ji-qi-gui-fan-hua678956.
html">bioon.
com/tags/%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E/">Astrocytes of bioon.
com/tags/%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E/">stem cells cannot provide ideal support for neuronal activity.
On March 5, a paper published in Stem Cell Reports, a journal of Cell Press, showed that the disease can be traced back to a pro-inflammatory molecule called interleukin-6 (IL-6).
The molecules are secreted by astrocytes.
Although further research is needed, the results underscore the potential role of astrocyte-mediated inflammatory signals in mental illness.

"Our findings indicate that IL-6 may cause deficiencies related to bipolar disorder, which opens up new avenues for clinical intervention.
" said Fred Gage of the Salk Institute for Biological Research and senior author of the paper.

Approximately 1% to 3% of people suffer from bipolar disorder, which is characterized by a cycle of emotional states ranging from energetic and elated (known as mania) to insufficient energy and depressive episodes.
Some evidence suggests a link between unbalanced inflammatory signals and bipolar disorder.
For example, these patients have chronic inflammation and a high prevalence of inflammation-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, bioon.
com/tags/%E7%B3%96%E5%B0%BF%E7%97%85/">diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
In addition, they have higher concentrations of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-6, especially during manic episodes.

bioon.
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"Although mild inflammation is beneficial to many neurological processes, overproduction of IL-6 may aggravate the symptoms of bipolar disorder and may be an important therapeutic target.
" Said Maria Carolina Marchetto from the Department of Humanity at the University of California, San Diego.

Astrocytes are thought to be involved in the inflammatory cascade in the brain.
These cells are activated by IL-1β and other pro-inflammatory cytokines to secrete cytokines involved in the neuroinflammatory process.
"Due to the increasing understanding of the role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric diseases, we want to know whether changes in inflammation-driven signals in astrocytes are related to bipolar disorder.
" The paper is co-senior author, Salk Institute of Biology And Renata Santos of the Paris Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience.

Researchers have developed a previously from a human induced pluripotent bioon.
com/tags/%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E/">stem cells, the method generates a rapid inflammatory response in astrocytes.
In the new study, they compared the induced pluripotency produced by 6 patients with bipolar disorder and 4 healthy individuals.
bioon.
com/course_video/gan-xi-bao-zhi-liao-ji-qi-gui-fan-hua678956.
html">bioon.
com/tags/%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E/">Inflammatory features of bioon.
com/tags/%E5%B9%B2%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E/">stem cell- derived astrocytes.

bioon.
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The response of patient astrocytes to pro-inflammatory cytokines shows a unique transcription pattern characterized by high expression of IL-6 gene.
Therefore, these cells secrete more IL-6, which negatively affects the activity of co-cultured neurons.
In this astrocyte culture medium, neuronal activity is reduced, and this effect can be partially blocked by IL-6 inactivating antibody.
In addition, the level of IL-6 in the blood of patients with bipolar disorder is higher than that of healthy individuals.

"These results indicate that astrocyte secretory factors play a role in regulating neuronal activity.
In patients with bipolar disorder, IL-6 mediates at least to some extent the effects of inflammatory astrocytes on nerves.
The impact of meta-activities.
” said Krishna Vadodaria of the Salk Institute for Biology, the first author of the paper.

In the next step, the researchers plan to further study the effect of IL-6 on neuronal activity.
At the same time, people should interpret these findings carefully.
Experiments may not be able to simulate the chronic inflammation associated with bipolar disorder, and the culture system does not include many cell types that are potentially relevant for immune responses.
Further, the brains of patients with bipolar disorder in astrocytes as compared to, induced pluripotent bioon.
com/course_video/gan-xi-bao-zhi-liao-ji-qi-gui-fan-hua678956.
html">stem cells derived from relatively immature astrocytes, and lack of a reliable bioon.
com/biomarkers/list-2.
html" target="_blank">biological marker to precisely determine the developmental age.

bioon.
com/course_video/gan-xi-bao-zhi-liao-ji-qi-gui-fan-hua678956.
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"Currently, it is still challenging to derive the results directly to patients with bipolar disorder," Gage said.
"Despite these limitations, our findings clarify that astrocytes are understudied in neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders.
Some of the effects of

Article URL: https:// style="vertical-align: inherit;">DOI: http://dx.
doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
stemcr.
2021.
02.
004

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