Arming Chinese agriculture with scientific and technological tools

Introduction: "there are many contents of new rural construction, but modern agricultural construction is a foundation When we study the problem of new socialist countryside, we must first pay attention to the construction of modern agriculture " For the role of modern agriculture in the construction of a new socialist countryside, Ke Bingsheng, director of the rural economic research center of the Ministry of agriculture, commented What is the essence of "arming" modern agriculture with science and technology? In fact, he said, it's advanced technology and culture, advanced production facilities, and modern farmers "It is essentially a capacity-building" Huang Shouhong, director of the Rural Department of the Research Office of the State Council, also holds similar views In his view, the so-called modern agriculture means transforming agriculture with modern science and technology and equipping agriculture with modern material technology Only 10% of the world's arable land, but to support 22% of the world's population, only by science and technology! "The way out for agriculture depends on science and technology, especially in China where there are more people and less land," Huang said In the last decade, the number of cultivated land resources in China has decreased by 114 million mu Although the central government has taken extremely strict measures in recent years, and the approval of cultivated land occupation was very strict from April to October last year, the momentum has not been curbed The same is true for water resources Now we mainly need to ensure urban water use, and then irrigation water Therefore, there is no way out for the development of agriculture to rely on traditional agriculture, only on intensive growth According to the research data of agricultural policy research center of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China's agricultural science and technology investment has a high return rate of 58% According to Fang Zhiyuan, academician of the Chinese Academy of engineering, the contribution rate of agricultural scientific and technological progress to agricultural production increase has reached about 45% The agricultural scientific research system needs to be transformed urgently The research of agricultural policy research center of Chinese Academy of Sciences shows that the investment intensity of agricultural scientific research of Chinese government is only 0.23, which is equivalent to 1 / 3 of the simple average of the investment intensity of agricultural scientific research of the 30 poorest countries in the world, and the investment intensity of technology promotion is also equivalent to the 80% of the investment intensity of low-income countries in the last century The average of the years "Broken network, broken line and scattered people" is the evaluation of some agricultural experts on the rural science and technology extension system Huang Dafang, director of the Institute of biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, worried: "the conditions are poor and there is no money Most agricultural researchers at the grass-roots level depend on selling seeds and pesticides for their livelihood Can you expect him to recommend you new varieties and promote new technologies? " The direct result of these problems is that there is a serious shortage of agricultural scientific and technological talents, and no one can follow "The United States has a population of 200 million, with 25000 agricultural scientific researchers; China's agricultural country with a population of 1.3 billion has only 60000 agricultural scientific researchers, not only a small proportion, but also a far lower professional level." That's what Huang Dafang said Therefore, the agricultural scientific research work in China should have corresponding changes For example, in the case of shortage of agricultural products, the key direction of agricultural scientific research is to increase production With the continuous changes in the relationship between supply and demand of agricultural products, the continuous improvement of people's lives, and the improvement of safety and nutrition requirements, agricultural research is also changing, "but the pace of this change is still very different from the social demand," Huang said Ke Bingsheng stressed that in the process of promoting material equipment agriculture, there are also some problems worthy of attention and reflection At present, the use of chemical fertilizer in China has reached more than 46 million tons, accounting for one third of the world's total, and the use of chemical fertilizer per unit is 3.5 times the world average Recently, the growth rate of pesticide use in China is more than 10% "We pay more attention to the modern inputs such as chemical fertilizer and pesticide, and neglect the development of agricultural machinery." On the one hand, the large-scale use of pesticide and chemical fertilizer has indeed made a significant historical contribution to China's grain production We have achieved the basic balance of supply and demand from the shortage of agricultural products However, due to the unscientific use of agricultural products, the unreasonable use of agricultural products, and the Limited level of farmers' mastery, it has brought considerable side effects According to the research of experts from the Academy of Agricultural Sciences, only 1 / 3 of our current fertilizer use is absorbed by crops, 1 / 3 is released into the atmosphere, and 1 / 3 remains in the soil The result is soil and air pollution "So when we promote modern agriculture, we must pay attention to the balance of input of various agricultural elements and the improvement of production efficiency of various agricultural elements.".