Aquifoliaceae

the 1st day of the 1st shaking of the
-
plant outline. Evergreen, deciduous or shrub. Single leaves are born to each other, thin to life. Umbrella flower sequence, umbrella flower sequence or cluster leaf, rare. Small flowers, radiation symmetry, monogamity, thin sex or miscellaneous,
4
to
6
number; flower split, cesalging; petal separation or base joint; male and petals, flower silk thick (female flowers formed false male, sometimes petal-shaped), flower medicine
2
room; sub-room upper,
2
to a large room, each room has a droplet
1
to
2
(the male has a degenerative male), the flower column short or missing, the head of the column, disk or umbilical cord. Nuclear fruit has a sub-core
2
to more, rarely
1
nuclear, sub-core back tube bundles form a variety of carving patterns, as the main characteristics of classification; Pollen is long spherical, near-spherical or flat, with an extreme view of
3
cracked circles (
18
to
40
) × (
18
to
38
) microns,
3
hole trench, the ditch is wide, the inner hole is long and narrow, often not obvious, the surface has obvious tumor (stick) pattern, denser. Chromosomal base
x 9
,
10
. There are
than

400
species, mainly in Asia, the Americas, tropical, subtropical and temperage regions, a few in Europe, Africa and Oceania. China has
1

than 170,
species, mainly produced in east, south and southwest China and other areas below
4000
meters above sea level in broad-leaved forests and thickets. Holly plants first appeared in the late Cretaceous period in the northern hemisphere, i.e. they existed in the late Mesothemite period.。 Undergraduate plants have different habits of life: deciduous holly winter leaves, evergreen holly leaves multi-leather, often shiny to reflect too strong light, some leaves also scattered wood hydrant wart points, or the skin has a thick layer to limit excessive water exhumation. At high altitudes, such as rough-haired holly (
Ilex
.
rockii
) and Single Holly (
I
.
perryana
), plants are low or shroid and have small leaves, which are the result of long-term adaptation to environmental conditions such as bright light radiation, strong winds and low temperatures. Fruit color bright, slightly sweet, nuclear hardening to form a protective layer of seeds, adapted to birds scattered seeds. Holly plant red fruit green leaves, some of the leaves have thorns for viewing, such as bone (see figure). The roots and leaves of holly can be detoxifying and used to treat upper respiratory tract infections and burns, and the roots of the scale star tree can be dissipated and detoxifyed by heat, and are used to treat pharyngitis, tracheitis, pertussis, enteritis, dysentery And fall injury, etc. , the root of mao holly has the effect of clear heat detoxification, live blood, used to treat coronary atherosclerosis heart disease, cerebral thrombosis, thrombosis, central retinitis and so on. A few kinds contain resin.。 For a long time, taxonomists from the comparative form of flower research, put forward the wei spear branch, jasmine branch (
salvadoraceae
), disease-free sub-section, rat Like, persimmon tree branch, spring flower department as the hypothertic close relatives of holly branch.。