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Speciation is one of
the core issues in evolutionary biology research.
Sympatric speciation refers to the process by
which new species evolve from ancestral species in the same region and produce reproductive isolation without geographical isolation.
However, in the early stages of congenous speciation, frequent gene flow between species can delay or even reverse population differentiation, so this speciation model has been controversial
.
Although congenous species differentiation has theoretical possibilities, there are few
empirical cases.
Two sister species distributed in Sunmutso Lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Gymnocypris eckloni scoliostomus and G.
eckloni eckloni, differed in morphology, diet, reproductive and other characteristics.
Moreover, the differentiation time is relatively short (about 20,000-60,000 years ago), which is an ideal model for studying the formation of congenous species, which is of great significance
to the theoretical study of congenous speciation.
Based on genomic data, He Shunping's team from the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences analyzed the genetic diversity, phylogeny and genetic structure, population dynamic history, gene flow, genomic island, and selection intensity of the two naked carps, supplemented by theoretical simulations, and proposed that congenous speciation may be micro-parapatric speciation mode
.
(A-C) gene flow patterns for homogeneous, heterogeneous and neighborhood speciation; (D) Schematic diagram of two species of naked carp
This study proposes that the geographical scale of speciation should be defined based on gene flow in the process of speciation, for example, there is no gene flow in heterogeneous speciation, and gene flow should be unimpeded
in homogeneous speciation.
In the study, it was found that there were 54 large genomic islands (≥ 100 kb) between species, and their total length accounted for about 89.
4% of the total length of all genome islands.
The presence of large genomic islands (≥ 100 kb) indicates that gene flow is greatly restricted
during speciation.
This is significantly different from the absence of gene flow patterns in micro-exotic speciation, but the presence of large genome islands does not support congenous speciation patterns
.
Theory and recent empirical studies suggest that sustained gene flow should produce many genomic islands
as small as a few kilobytes.
This pattern is consistent with the broad evidence for neighborhood speciation, where adjacent habitats favor divergent selection while also allowing gene flow, albeit on a smaller
scale.
In addition, the genomic island contains genes associated with olfactory signaling that may play an important role
in fish food selection and mating.
Selective elimination analysis
The work was reviewed by Norman A.
Johnson (University of Massachusetts-Amherst).
Likely, most cases of non-allopatric speciation will not be at the other extreme of true sympatry.
”
The study was based on "Sympatric or micro-allopatric speciation in a glacial lake?" Genomic islands support neither", published online in the international academic journal National Science Review (article link: https://doi.
org/10.
1093/nsr/nwac291）
。
Sun Ning, a doctoral student of the Institute of Aquatic Sciences, Yang Liandong, a young researcher, Tian Fei, an associate researcher of the Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, and Zeng Honghui, a senior engineer of the Institute of Aquatic Sciences, are the co-first authors
of the paper.
Associate Professor He Ziwen of Sun Yat-sen University, Researcher Zhao Kai of Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Academician Chen Yiyu, and Researcher He Shunping of Institute of Aquatic Sciences are the corresponding authors
.
This research work has been funded and supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Pilot Special Project B of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the General Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
On the way to sampling at Sunmutso Lake
