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1.
Cleanliness detection of biological implants
Artificial dental implants are bionic teeth made of biological materials and are a typical biological implant
.
Such implants generally require biocompatibility, no toxicity, no side effects, and no irritation
.
In addition, the materials used for human oral implants are generally packaged aseptically, and the surface is required to be clean and free of foreign matter, because any tiny foreign matter may harm the patient's body
.
However, there may be different organic or inorganic impurities on the actual oral implant surface, which may originate from the production, handling or packaging process
.
There are still reports about the clinical risk of these implant surface impurities
.
However, these contaminations are technically avoidable
.
As shown in the case, the use of Phonem SEM for the cleanliness inspection of oral implants, after sample preparation in a clean room, the Automated Image Mapping function of the Phinem desktop SEM can automatically collect hundreds or thousands of high-resolution SEM images , and automatically stitch out the panoramic appearance of the product
.
[1] Based on this, combined with the component analysis function of EDS, the surface cleanliness of implant products can be comprehensively evaluated
.
The following case shows another oral implant purchased on the market.
Using the component contrast of the BSE signal, the panoramic image obtained by BSE-Image Mapping can observe that there are some impurities on the top and shoulder of the implant , and through high-resolution magnified images and EDS composition analysis, it can be further confirmed that these impurities are C, O organic particles with a size of 10-50 μm
.
[1]
Surface cleanliness inspection of commercially available dental implants
2.
Medical device compatibility studies
In vitro blood flow simulation Hemocompatibility testing is a part of coronary stent performance characterization.
The blood flow model can generate arterial blood flow and wall shear stress similar to real physiological conditions to evaluate blood Compatibility of contact medical devices
.
The compatibility and physiological properties of the scaffolds can be intuitively characterized by visual analysis using SEM
.
As shown in the following cases, A, B, C, and D are SEM pictures of cardiac stents made of different materials after in vitro blood flow simulation experiments.
It can be intuitively found that the surfaces of materials A and B are still smooth and clean after the experiment, while B , There is obvious thrombosis on the surface of material
C.
SEM images of cardiac stents with different materials after in vitro blood simulation experiment
3.
Observation of the structure of 3D-printed bones The
advantages of 3D-printed custom orthopaedic implants have been gradually recognized in recent years, but 3D-printing still faces challenges in improving technical processes and product safety
.
The quality of metal powder plays a crucial role in the final quality of 3D printed products, of which powder particle size distribution and morphology are two important characteristics
.
As shown in the following cases, Phenom scanning electron microscope can be used to evaluate the powder morphology, stickiness, presence or absence of satellite spheres, etc.
Combined with the supporting particle size analysis software Phenom Particle Metric, it can analyze the particle size distribution, roundness, aspect ratio, etc.
Rapid characterization of metal powders in multiple dimensions
.
Automatic particle size statistics for 3D printing particles
In the process of using metal powder to print orthopedic implants with porous structures, the quality of the metal powder and the setting of the parameters of the printing process affect the performance of the product.
Due to the incomplete melting of the metal powder, the printed product will have metal powder adhesion.
If the metal powder is not completely removed, it may adversely affect product performance and safety
.
As shown in the following case, a number of metal particles were observed attached to the surface of the 3D printed hip joint.
The small particles attached are small in size.
After implantation in the human body, there is a possibility of falling off, which increases the complications caused by artificial bones.
risk, which has a serious impact on the safety and effectiveness of the product
.
4.
Blood disease research
In blood disease research, in order to better observe the behavior of cells and proteins, researchers are increasingly using SEM for analysis
.
Various diseases caused by thrombus have resulted in a large number of fatal cases in modern society, as shown in the following case SEM observation of thrombus
.
The hemostatic system of zebrafish is very similar to that of humans, and is widely used in the study of human hemostasis models and thrombosis models.
Human thrombus clots with tissue factor (TF) and human thrombus clots supplemented with high concentrations of TF
.
From the SEM images, it can be found that the human fibrin network with high concentration of TF is very similar to the network structure obtained from zebrafish blood, and a thinner protein fiber structure is observed in fish blood
.
Red blood cells and smaller cells, possibly platelets, were trapped in the fibrin network of zebrafish blood clots, suggesting that they may be involved in the clotting process
.
[2]
(A) Zebrafish blood clots;
SEM images of human blood clots with (B) and without (C) TF added (A~D) with different α-FXIIa and tPA additions
The above case is a verification of the effect of activated coagulation factor XII (α-FXIIa) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) on thrombosis and fibrinolysis.
Figures (A) ~ (D) are different α-FXIIa and The SEM image of blood clot under the addition of tPA, it can be found that in the absence of tPA, the addition of α-FXIIa will increase the density of protein fibers even in the presence of plasmin; while the addition of tPA during thrombosis Addition of α-FXIIa makes the protein fibers more porous under conditions that induce fibrinolysis
.
Reference
[1] Duddeck DU , Albrektsson T , Wennerberg A , et al.
On the Cleanliness of Different Oral Implant Systems: A Pilot Study[J].
Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2019, 8(9).
[2] Evelien S , Martijn M , Coenraad H , et al.
Thrombin Generation in Zebrafish Blood[J].
PLoS ONE, 2016, 11(2):e0149135.
[3] Joke, Konings, Lisa, et al.
The role of activated coagulation factor XII in overall clot stability and fibrinolysis[J].
Thrombosis Research, 2015.
Cleanliness detection of biological implants
Artificial dental implants are bionic teeth made of biological materials and are a typical biological implant
.
Such implants generally require biocompatibility, no toxicity, no side effects, and no irritation
.
In addition, the materials used for human oral implants are generally packaged aseptically, and the surface is required to be clean and free of foreign matter, because any tiny foreign matter may harm the patient's body
.
However, there may be different organic or inorganic impurities on the actual oral implant surface, which may originate from the production, handling or packaging process
.
There are still reports about the clinical risk of these implant surface impurities
.
However, these contaminations are technically avoidable
.
As shown in the case, the use of Phonem SEM for the cleanliness inspection of oral implants, after sample preparation in a clean room, the Automated Image Mapping function of the Phinem desktop SEM can automatically collect hundreds or thousands of high-resolution SEM images , and automatically stitch out the panoramic appearance of the product
.
[1] Based on this, combined with the component analysis function of EDS, the surface cleanliness of implant products can be comprehensively evaluated
.
The following case shows another oral implant purchased on the market.
Using the component contrast of the BSE signal, the panoramic image obtained by BSE-Image Mapping can observe that there are some impurities on the top and shoulder of the implant , and through high-resolution magnified images and EDS composition analysis, it can be further confirmed that these impurities are C, O organic particles with a size of 10-50 μm
.
[1]
Surface cleanliness inspection of commercially available dental implants
2.
Medical device compatibility studies
In vitro blood flow simulation Hemocompatibility testing is a part of coronary stent performance characterization.
The blood flow model can generate arterial blood flow and wall shear stress similar to real physiological conditions to evaluate blood Compatibility of contact medical devices
.
The compatibility and physiological properties of the scaffolds can be intuitively characterized by visual analysis using SEM
.
As shown in the following cases, A, B, C, and D are SEM pictures of cardiac stents made of different materials after in vitro blood flow simulation experiments.
It can be intuitively found that the surfaces of materials A and B are still smooth and clean after the experiment, while B , There is obvious thrombosis on the surface of material
C.
SEM images of cardiac stents with different materials after in vitro blood simulation experiment
3.
Observation of the structure of 3D-printed bones The
advantages of 3D-printed custom orthopaedic implants have been gradually recognized in recent years, but 3D-printing still faces challenges in improving technical processes and product safety
.
The quality of metal powder plays a crucial role in the final quality of 3D printed products, of which powder particle size distribution and morphology are two important characteristics
.
As shown in the following cases, Phenom scanning electron microscope can be used to evaluate the powder morphology, stickiness, presence or absence of satellite spheres, etc.
Combined with the supporting particle size analysis software Phenom Particle Metric, it can analyze the particle size distribution, roundness, aspect ratio, etc.
Rapid characterization of metal powders in multiple dimensions
.
Automatic particle size statistics for 3D printing particles
In the process of using metal powder to print orthopedic implants with porous structures, the quality of the metal powder and the setting of the parameters of the printing process affect the performance of the product.
Due to the incomplete melting of the metal powder, the printed product will have metal powder adhesion.
If the metal powder is not completely removed, it may adversely affect product performance and safety
.
As shown in the following case, a number of metal particles were observed attached to the surface of the 3D printed hip joint.
The small particles attached are small in size.
After implantation in the human body, there is a possibility of falling off, which increases the complications caused by artificial bones.
risk, which has a serious impact on the safety and effectiveness of the product
.
4.
Blood disease research
In blood disease research, in order to better observe the behavior of cells and proteins, researchers are increasingly using SEM for analysis
.
Various diseases caused by thrombus have resulted in a large number of fatal cases in modern society, as shown in the following case SEM observation of thrombus
.
The hemostatic system of zebrafish is very similar to that of humans, and is widely used in the study of human hemostasis models and thrombosis models.
Human thrombus clots with tissue factor (TF) and human thrombus clots supplemented with high concentrations of TF
.
From the SEM images, it can be found that the human fibrin network with high concentration of TF is very similar to the network structure obtained from zebrafish blood, and a thinner protein fiber structure is observed in fish blood
.
Red blood cells and smaller cells, possibly platelets, were trapped in the fibrin network of zebrafish blood clots, suggesting that they may be involved in the clotting process
.
[2]
(A) Zebrafish blood clots;
SEM images of human blood clots with (B) and without (C) TF added (A~D) with different α-FXIIa and tPA additions
The above case is a verification of the effect of activated coagulation factor XII (α-FXIIa) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) on thrombosis and fibrinolysis.
Figures (A) ~ (D) are different α-FXIIa and The SEM image of blood clot under the addition of tPA, it can be found that in the absence of tPA, the addition of α-FXIIa will increase the density of protein fibers even in the presence of plasmin; while the addition of tPA during thrombosis Addition of α-FXIIa makes the protein fibers more porous under conditions that induce fibrinolysis
.
Reference
[1] Duddeck DU , Albrektsson T , Wennerberg A , et al.
On the Cleanliness of Different Oral Implant Systems: A Pilot Study[J].
Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2019, 8(9).
[2] Evelien S , Martijn M , Coenraad H , et al.
Thrombin Generation in Zebrafish Blood[J].
PLoS ONE, 2016, 11(2):e0149135.
[3] Joke, Konings, Lisa, et al.
The role of activated coagulation factor XII in overall clot stability and fibrinolysis[J].
Thrombosis Research, 2015.
