Ann Neurol-Blood-brain barrier destruction is closely related to cognitive decline

Cognitive impairment and dementia affect more than 50 million people worldwide
.

Recent literature indicates that damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) ​​may play a key role in this process and provide a new target for therapeutic intervention

Blood vessel

Autopsy studies have shown that in the brains of patients with dementia, blood-derived proteins accumulate in the brain parenchyma, BBB-specific cells degenerate, and vascular endothelium is damaged
.

In vivo studies also showed that compared with healthy controls, patients with cognitive impairment had a higher concentration of blood-derived albumin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which indicated that the BBB was destroyed

BBB destruction and neuroinflammation may also be an important part of the contribution of the gut microbiota to dementia
.

However, the relationship between BBB destruction and brain pathology in cognitive impairment is still poorly understood

Some studies have shown that the destruction of BBB is related to the accumulation of Aβ, thus linking BBB to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD)
.

Other literature shows that BBB destruction in subjects with cognitive impairment has nothing to do with amyloid and tau

Zixuan Lin and others of Hopkins University: Assuming that BBB rupture in cognitive impairment is not a single phenomenon, AD and vascular risk cause BBB rupture at different molecular levels, which can be achieved by using tracers of different sizes.
Distinguish
.

Assuming that BBB rupture in cognitive impairment is not a single phenomenon, AD and vascular risk cause BBB rupture at different molecular levels, which can be distinguished by using tracers of different sizes
.

Assuming that BBB rupture in cognitive impairment is not a single phenomenon, AD and vascular risk cause BBB rupture at different molecular levels, which can be distinguished by using tracers of different sizes

Because water has a molecular weight of only 18 Da and a diameter of 275 pm, measuring water exchange is expected to provide an assessment of the permeability of BBB to very small molecules
.

The other is the permeability to albumin.

The relationship between BBB destruction and cognitive performance was studied

They found that compared with subjects with normal cognition, the permeability of the BBB of MCI patients to small molecules such as water increased, but the permeability of large molecules such as albumin did not increase
.

Compared with subjects with normal cognition, the BBB of MCI patients has increased permeability to small molecules such as water, but does not increase permeability to large molecules such as albumin
.

Compared with subjects with normal cognition, the BBB of MCI patients has increased permeability to small molecules such as water, but does not increase permeability to large molecules such as albumin

cholesterol

This study shows that BBB rupture is related to both AD and vascular risk, but their effects can be distinguished by spatial scale
.

The permeability of BBB to small molecules has a greater impact on cognitive ability
.

It shows that BBB rupture is related to AD and vascular risk, but their effects can be distinguished by spatial scale
.
It shows that BBB rupture is related to AD and vascular risk, but their effects can be distinguished by spatial scale
.

Original source:

Lin Z, Sur S, Liu P, Li Y, Jiang D, Hou X, Darrow J, Pillai JJ, Yasar S, Rosenberg P, Albert M, Moghekar A, Lu H.
Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Relationship to Alzheimer and Vascular Disease.
Ann Neurol.
2021 May 26.
doi: 10.
1002/ana.
26134.
Epub ahead of print.
PMID: 34041783.

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