Analysis: The current research status of the clinical application of musk and its substitutes

Small silt musk is a dry secretion in the sachets of mature males of ferrets, which is one of the most valuable Chinese herbs in our medicine bank, and has the effect of starting a wake-up call, live blood flow, anti-swelling and pain relief, and is used for first aid and treatment of common diseases, multiple morbidity and difficult disorders, which is an indispensable material in Chinese medicine.
a wide range of pharmacological effects, mainly on the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune system, respiratory system, endocrine and reproductive system has a wide range of physiological activities.
Musk or natural musk ketones or synthetic musk ketones injections or intravenous injections have a two-way regulated sleep, enhanced resistance to hypoxia, protection of brain damage and other central nervous system effects on mice, rabbits and other animals; The fennel glycoprotein inhibits the neutral white blood cell trending reaction and has the effect of strengthening the immune system, musk can enhance the smooth muscle contraction of the trachea of the guinea pig caused by catelamolamine, musk and musk ketone can increase the animal's breathing frequency and depth, and have the effect of excitatory respiratory system, in addition, musk and its different solvent extracts or its chemical composition also have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-ulcer, anti-tumor and other pharmacological effects.
Clinically, musk because of its warm fragrance, and into the heart through the blood, often compound for the following three aspects, one is to wake up, treatment closed evidence;
The clinical application of Chinese medicinal preparations such as musk heart-preserving pills, compound musk injections, musk analgesics, musk oolong pills, musk seahorse chasing cream, musk bone cream, Mayon musk hemorrhoid cream, etc. has been reported more.
Among them, the compound musk injection developed by Angong Niu Huang Maru has better effects on cerebral hemorrhage, heavy brain injury, acute cerebral infarction, kidney colic, trigembular nerve pain, severe heat stroke, viral encephalitis, mumps, organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, carbon monoxide poisoning, etc.
by musk, sushi fat, ice tablets, ginseng, slugs, ox yellow and other developed by the national Chinese medicine confidential varieties of fennel heart pills is a clinical prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease classic drugs.
fennel heart pills alone have a good therapeutic effect on coronary heart disease, chest tightness, angina, myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, acute cerebral infarction, hypertension, acute vertigo attacks, etc.
209 of the 4,055 Chinese medicine preparations included in the pharmaceutical standards issued by the Ministry of Health used musk or artificial musk.
209 kinds of Chinese medicine preparations include thin through hydrant pills, uterine ingots, ink, anti-hydrant capsules and other efficacy to live blood cool blood mainly, general tips scattered, health dispersal, wuhong spirit scattered, ginseng to Bao pills and other efficacy to wake up Mainly, musk pain relief Paste paste, musk live blood balm, musk tiger bone paste, musk falling paste and other effects to reduce swelling and pain-relief mainly, Pearl shock, ginseng live pills, back to Chundan, nursery pills, wide antelope scattered and other effects to calm sputum-based, Awei fennel balm , gastrointestinal pills, hundred-effect pills, children's spleen paste paste, gold clothing to treasure ingots and other efficacy to chemical anti-gastric mainly, eight treasure dial cloud dispersion, dial cloud re-light dispersion, dial cloud eye paste, Xiong to bao pills and other efficacy to summer heat retreat mainly, live pills, anti-hydrants Re-creation pills, loose wind live blood paste, musk rheumber drop paste, musk chasing wind paste and other effects to the wind pain relief mainly, Hu's six god pills, musk pills, throat medicine scattered, green dot tongue pills, five spring pills and other effects to clear hot pharynx pain relief-based, Zhou's resuscence pills, jade center scattered, Qingyu plague Dan, The effect of the procession scattered is mainly to detoxify the filth.
The existing traditional Chinese medicine preparations use artificial musk instead of natural musk, the state only approved the tablets , Angong cattle yellow pills, six god pills, babaodan and other 4 varieties using the national treasury quota supply of natural musk, other traditional Chinese medicine preparations can only use the same amount of artificial musk replacement.
So, according to the specific application, the selection of suitable musk substitutes is conducive to the long-term development of the industry, the current alternatives to musk are mainly Chinese herbal medicine, animals, synthetic and artificial cultured musk.
1, the role of Chinese herbal musk is many, according to people's treatment effects to choose a substitute for musk.
to puddles, white slugs, mints, fine sin, soap horns and other fine punches instead, the treatment of sputum turbidity closed the trick of drowsiness, drowsiness, and achieved certain results.
Some tips for live blood prescription containing natural musk, with high-quality white and stone saffron, according to a certain proportion to replace the prescription of natural musk, the effect is very good, and low price, a wide range of sources, is a good choice for natural musk substitutes.
2, animal spirit cat incense is the feline cat, little spirit cat and other animals female and male will yin scent gland sac secretions, filth, gas, pain relief, can treat heart service stroke pain, palladia pain.
research shows that the spirit cat fragrance, like musk, has aromatic, open-knack, live blood, oxytosis and other effects, can excite the breathing center and vascular movement center, has the effect of returning to the Soviet emergency.
The musk is the musk secreted by the musk rat, mainly by the adult male musk rat's adhesive gland secretion of an amber liquid, male musk rat during the breeding period from April to September through the reproductive system of the mole gland secreted the musk, with a strong aroma.
can be used not only as an alternative to natural musk, but also as a raw material for the production of premium perfumes.
Musk contains the same as natural musk musk ketone, oxalone, alkylone and other major components, its role in slowing heart rate is more obvious, with anti-inflammatory hypoxia, lower blood pressure, anti-inflammatory, anti-sensitivity, male hormones and other effects.
modern research has confirmed that it has the same pharmacological effects as natural musk, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-barbie sodium sleep.
3. The chemical composition of synthetic natural musk includes large ring ketones, nitrogen-containing hybrids and steroids, etc., and synthetic musk and its 3 kinds of API have passed the evaluation of a new class of drugs from the Ministry of Health.
artificial musk is used in clinical practice, it is proved that the chinese medicine made with it is the same as the Chinese medicine made with natural musk.
synthetic musk as an alternative to natural musk, is widely used in the daily chemical industry.
Synthetic musk is different from artificial musk, artificial musk is based on the chemical composition and content of natural musk, artificial simulation of the preparation of the resulting medicinal musk substitute, and synthetic musk is through organic synthesis means, to obtain a chemical substance with musk odor, according to its chemical structure, can be divided into nitro musk, large ring musk, polycyclyc and fat ring musk.
synthetic musk as a substitute for natural musk spices, because of its low price, high yield, stable supply, easy to commercialize, in the national economy has been widely used.
4, artificial cultured musk artificial synthetic musk and other alternatives to the environmental pollution is serious, used in the pharmaceutical industry artificial musk side effects are slowly emerging.
, cultured musk has become a better solution to the shortage of natural musk supply.
also known as musk, incense, is the national level to protect animals, cultured musk can be picked 2 times a year, each time to take 20 grams, and can secrete 20 years.
cultured musk can obtain a large number of stable natural musk, and more importantly, to ensure the continuation of the fern species and biodiversity.
references: Wang Wei, Wang Han, Liu Haiping, Liu Jingdong, Ning Hua, Wang Qiongxuan, Cheng Zuqiang, Wang Yingjia. The current state of musk research. Resource Development and Markets, 2016, 32 (01): 77-81. Cai Lin, Liu Double. Advances in the study of alternatives to musk herbs , Anhui Chemical, 2017, 43 (06): 16-17.