Analysis on the demand of animal husbandry for feed resources in the 21st century in China and the Countermeasures

Introduction: in 1998, the total amount of meat, eggs and milk per capita in China is expected to reach 50, 18 and 6 kg respectively, 6, 9 and 5 times higher than before the reform and opening up Since the mid-1980s, the ticket based supply system has been cancelled nationwide For many years, the price has been stable and the supply and sales have been booming This is a remarkable achievement under the condition that the per capita annual grain is less than 400 kg of feed resources However, compared with the world average, the national per capita dietary intake of animal protein is still in the lower middle position, only equivalent to 1 / 8-1 / 5 of the economically developed countries The shortage of feed resources, especially feed protein resources, will be the main factor restricting the further growth of animal husbandry There are various opinions to solve this problem, some people advocate the active development of animal husbandry in pastoral areas; some people hope to return straw to the field; some people advocate the development of "nutritious agriculture"; some people advocate the combination of agriculture and animal husbandry and open-source and tap potential at the same time The author thinks that China has a vast territory and complex natural conditions, which is equivalent to more than 10 countries in Europe Therefore, it is still necessary to study the feed Countermeasures of different regions and different production modes through multiple channels and in multiple directions according to the local conditions and based on the actual conditions, using modern science and technology, developing both open source and potential Based on the development of animal husbandry in China in the past 20 years, combined with the historical experience and existing problems in the development of feed industry and scale breeding, this paper discusses the ways to solve the feed problem in the future The main task of animal husbandry is to transform low quality feed protein into edible protein with rich nutritional value Therefore, the total amount of protein in feed will be the basis of animal husbandry By the end of this century, if the per capita daily intake of animal protein is to reach the world's 25 g level in the early 1990s, at least 12 million tons of pure animal protein should be provided from the edible parts of livestock and aquatic products every year to reach this level But according to the analysis of modern best feeding technology, to produce so many animal proteins, at least 60 million tons of crude protein should be provided from the planting industry to basically solve the problem, which is a total demand According to the analysis of the production achievements of China's planting industry in the late 1990s, only 30 million tons of feed protein can be provided from the agricultural and sideline products and animal feed resources, such as grains, cake, bran, grains, dregs, etc., which is an optimistic estimate Therefore, we must try to solve this problem from two aspects: increasing production and tapping potential From the perspective of the development of modern animal husbandry, the potential of straw production is limited Some people in China have advocated "straw animal husbandry", because although the total output of the three major agricultural straws (corn straw, straw, wheat straw) in China can reach more than 420 million tons per year, according to the analysis of the actual utilization habits of Chinese farmers, the amount of straw that can be Fed is about 150-200 million tons Because of the poor digestibility of crude protein, it can not be digested by ruminants It can only be used as "energy feed for maintenance" for all animals Therefore, from the perspective of developing high-quality, high-yield and efficient animal husbandry, it is difficult to place high hopes In the past 20 years, many effective and successful experiences have been accumulated in ruminant feeding technology at home and abroad For example, non protein nitrogen utilization technology, ammoniated straw technology and yellow storage technology of corn straw after harvest have been popularized and should be vigorously promoted In recent years, the pollution of the environment caused by burning wheat straw has attracted the attention of the leaders at all levels At the same time, there are also various straw treatment technologies in the society, so it is difficult to distinguish the authenticity Recently, the Department of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture issued the notice on the promotion of straw microbial treatment technology, reiterating that "all kinds of microbial treatment straw technology must be submitted to the national feed Review Committee of the Ministry of agriculture for review and approval before promotion and application, otherwise, it shall not be promoted, so as to avoid undue losses" The author believes that the release of this document is correct and timely The promotion of all straw treatment technologies must be based on the principle of not harming the interests of farmers and be cautious It is a reliable way to solve the problem of feed to tap the potential of non competitive agricultural resources and increase the biomass of nutriment The price of feed raw materials is difficult to form a competitive advantage with that of food, medicine and brewing industries Historically, feed resources of traditional animal husbandry in agricultural areas in China have always relied on non competitive agricultural by-products and "farmhouse feed" as the material basis If we can change our thinking, make scientific planning, arrange some nutritive agriculture (grassland agriculture) in the planting plan, and change the passive collection of wild feed into the nutritive biomass opposite to the active increase of production and the breeding industry, there is no doubt that it has great potential to increase production in solving the problem of insufficient feed For example, planting forage crops or forages, especially legume forages, on arable land that can not be used or temporarily not used by grain crops such as saline alkali land, leisure land and post disaster fields, is not only more practical than planting forage crops or Forages on specially allocated arable land, but also more complementary to planting industry In recent years, many scholars in our country have put forward the initiative of establishing "nutritive agriculture", that is to say, in order to solve the problem of feedstuff, the agricultural production system, which is specialized in the production of plant stems and leaves without collecting seeds, is a new way of thinking According to Ren Jizhou (1998) 's prediction, there are about 2 million 810 thousand square kilometers of land that can be used to develop and produce plant nutrients in China There are more than 230 kinds of legume grass or green manure crops that can be used as feed after development This is a large measure of feed yield increase that does not compete with grain, cotton and oil, and is highly complementary with the planting industry in agricultural areas Scientific utilization of farm feed resources and continuous improvement of farmers' pig production level are important countermeasures to alleviate the shortage of feed resources China's breeding industry is mainly in the agricultural areas, and the pig industry is the third and fourth part of the farming industry in the agricultural areas Based on the analysis of the relationship between farming and planting in China, it is expected that the production mode of "pig is the first of six livestock, and farmers mainly raise pigs" will continue in China in the medium and long term Based on the analysis of the production achievements of the pig industry in the past 20 years, the rate of pig production, the total output of pork and the average live weight of pigs on the market in China have also kept rising Since the 1990s, it has been close to the world advanced level It can be seen that such remarkable achievements in pig production have not been delayed by the low level of farmers' pig production On the contrary, the output of farmers' pig production has become the second largest commodity in China's rural areas after grain, which also objectively reflects the vitality of farmers' pig production At present, there are two opinions on further improving the production level of pig industry The first is that in the pig industry, which is the main part of the pig industry in the agricultural areas of China, the production efficiency of the pig farming mode of farmers is low, the advanced science and technology is difficult to be popularized and applied in time, the scale is not formed, and the contradiction between supply and demand is not easy to be regulated in time Those who hold this view argue that pig farming should eventually follow the example of the United States and take the road of overall scale Another view is that "thousands of households can't lose their pigs." Farmers only use 1 / 2-2 / 3 of the grain for large-scale pig raising, and 70% - 80% of the feed protein comes from green roughage and farm feed, although the production efficiency is lower than that of large-scale pig raising However, it can make full use of the idle labor force in the countryside and the rural feed resources that can not be constructed into commodities, which can not only increase the meat and income, but also change the "waste" into "treasure" through the way of "more pigs, more fertilizer and more grain", raise the land and increase fertilizer, reduce the cost of agricultural production, and maintain the sustainable development of ecological agriculture The author supports the latter view 5 Vigorously develop the feed market of farmers' breeding industry and establish the feed industry with Chinese characteristics From the perspective of national conditions and national strength, farmers are both meat producers and consumers Therefore, it is necessary to "break up into parts" and let farmers solve the problem of meat by themselves, so as to reduce the pressure of the whole country on the supply of meat This policy not only plays an important role in promoting the economic development of rural areas, but also helps farmers get rid of poverty and become rich without leaving their hometown The population disadvantage is the advantage, and the proper guidance can also cultivate a large feed industry market in the vast rural areas [NextPage] in 1997, the total output of compound feed in China was about 56 million tons, of which pig feed accounted for about 43% and contributed about 20% to the total output of pork in China, while 80% of pork in China mainly depended on farm feed In addition, in the past 20 years, the analysis of user objects of pig feed products produced by feed industry in China is basically based on the large-scale pig industry, rather than the nutritional background of farm feed Experience has proved that if we can find out the law of surplus and deficiency of nutrients in the pig feed of farmers, supply feed additives or protein concentrate suitable for different pig feed types, and guide it with modern scientific pig raising technology, we can increase the production of 4.8-6.4 million tons of pork (live weight) on the basis of the current situation, even if it is not transformed into large-scale pig raising This increase in production is equivalent to the saving of 17-20 million tons of feed grain, about 1-2 times of the annual average grain increase in recent years It can be seen that optimizing the technical route of animal husbandry production from a macro perspective is a potential exploration measure of the same significance as opening up feed resources As we all know, in the past half century, the grassland in the pastoral area of China has been degraded seriously because of over grazing Although the state invests a lot of money in grassland construction every year, the grassland ecology in many areas is still deteriorating There is a long way to go to pay off this "ecological deficit" Therefore, in the medium and long term, we should also adopt the policy of moderate utilization and recuperation of grassland in pastoral areas, and strive to change from "balance of grass and livestock" to "prosperity of both grass and livestock" The concept of "ternary structure agriculture" has been put forward for more than 10 years Although there is little change in the proportion of the output of the three major crops: grain, economy and fodder, the analysis of the actual use of grain and economic crops has changed greatly since the 1980s For example, 1 / 3 of the total grain output of the country has been used for feed (excluding agricultural and sideline products).