Analysis on the current situation and problems of China's agricultural products export

Introduction: first, this year's analysis of the current situation of China's agricultural exports affected by the Asian financial crisis In 1998 and 1999, China's agricultural exports fell for two consecutive years, from $15.1 billion in 1997 to $13.6 billion in 1999 In 2000, China's export of agricultural products reached a record high since 1995, reaching US $15.7 billion, an increase of 15% over the previous year The proportion of China's total export of agricultural products in the total export of the country has been decreasing year by year, from 9.9% in 1995 to 6.3% in 2000 But trade in agricultural products has maintained a surplus As of July this year, China's export of agricultural products had a negative growth, with an export volume of 8.85 billion US dollars, down 0.77% year on year The share of total agricultural exports in total national exports fell to 6% (I) in June and July, China's monthly export of agricultural products continued to decline year-on-year, resulting in a negative growth rate of cumulative export From the growth of China's monthly export of agricultural products, China's export of agricultural products was relatively stable in the first five months, with a positive growth rate of cumulative export However, after May, the export speed began to slow down In May and June, the export volume of the month decreased by 10% and 0.3% respectively compared with the previous month In June, the export volume of the month decreased by 14% compared with the same period of the previous year, resulting in a negative growth of 0.09% in the cumulative export volume in the first half of the year In July, the export volume of the month fell by 5% compared with the same period of last year, which increased the negative growth rate of cumulative export volume to 0.77% compared with the same period of last year (2) the export structure of agricultural products began to change, the export volume of grain and cotton declined, the export situation of aquatic products, vegetables and other agricultural products was good, and the export volume of livestock products and edible oil did not change much From January to July this year, the total export volume of China's agricultural products decreased by 69 million US dollars compared with the same period last year, of which the largest decrease was grain and cotton, which decreased by 323 million US dollars and 184 million US dollars respectively However, the export volume of aquatic products, vegetables and other agricultural products increased significantly, with an increase of US $152 million, US $121 million and US $122 million, respectively In addition to the increase in wheat exports, rice and corn exports decreased significantly Grain exports reached 5.11 million tons, down 32% year on year Among them, the export of rice was 1.09 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 41%; the export of corn was 3.64 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 33%; the export of wheat increased by a large margin, reaching 270000 tons, a year-on-year increase of 145%; the export of cotton and sugar also decreased by a large margin, while the import increased by a large margin The export of cotton was 49000 tons, down 80% year on year, and the export of sugar was 48000 tons, down 78% year on year The export of edible vegetable oil increased by 50% to 72000 tons Among them, vegetable oil and soybean oil exports were 32000 tons and 31000 tons respectively, with an increase of 76% and 54% respectively The export of vegetables and fruits continued to maintain a good growth trend The export of vegetables was 2.18 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 22%; the export of fruits was 740000 tons, a year-on-year increase of 2% The export volume of livestock products was flat and slightly increased, with a year-on-year increase of 1% to US $1.66 billion; the export volume of aquatic products increased significantly, with a year-on-year increase of 7% to US $2.27 billion (3) exports to Asia, Africa and South America have declined, while exports to Europe and Oceania have increased substantially Exports to North America have remained flat and increased slightly Asia is the most important export market for China's agricultural products, accounting for more than 70% of total exports But this year, China's agricultural exports to Asia have declined, with the export volume down by $210 million, or 3.3% Among them, exports to Hong Kong, South Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan Province and India decreased by US $280 million Although the trade frictions between China and Japan continue, the export volume of agricultural products to Japan this year still increased by 130 million US dollars, an increase of 4% In addition, exports to Africa and South America decreased by 8% and 3% respectively, a total of 28 million US dollars Although China's export of agricultural products to Asia is not smooth, its export to Europe is in a good situation, with the export volume reaching US $1.36 billion, an increase of US $160 million or 13% over the same period last year Europe is the second largest market for China's agricultural exports, accounting for about 15% of China's total agricultural exports North America is the third largest market for China's agricultural exports, accounting for about 8% of the market share This year, China's exports to North America increased by 0.6% on a flat basis From January to July, China's largest export consumer country (region) and its market share are: Japan 36%, Hong Kong 12%, South Korea 10%, the United States 7%, Germany 3%, etc (4) the development of domestic regions is unbalanced, and the trade of agricultural products is concentrated in the East The trade gap between the East and the central and western regions is growing From January to July this year, the export of agricultural products in the eastern region of China shows an increasing trend, with the export volume increasing by 2.5%, accounting for 79% of the total export of agricultural products of China Due to the lack of competitiveness, the export of products in the central and western regions declined rapidly by 10.8% and 13.3% respectively Shandong is the largest export province of agricultural products in China In the first half of this year, the import and export situation was very good, and the export volume increased by 23% Guangdong is the second largest export province, with exports down 5% Third, Zhejiang grew by 1.6% In the fourth place, Fujian's export volume dropped significantly, reaching 8% In addition, the provinces (cities) with a large decrease in export volume include Beijing, Hebei, Xinjiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia Valley, etc.; the provinces (cities) with a large increase in export volume include Jilin, Heilongjiang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hainan, Shanxi, etc Second, the problems of China's agricultural exports this year, the total amount of China's agricultural exports has increased negatively On the one hand, this is a phenomenon in the process of structural adjustment of China's agricultural exports and the transfer from land intensive products to labor-intensive products On the other hand, it also exposes various problems in China's agricultural exports (I) poor quality of primary agricultural products, low value-added processing and lack of international competitiveness China is a big traditional agricultural country The main purpose of agricultural products is to meet the needs of the domestic market Restricted by China's economic conditions, China has the advantages of labor and land resources, but the degree of specialization, modernization and standardization of agricultural production is very low Many links are not in line with international standards, so many agricultural products cannot meet the needs of the international market 。 For example, from January to July this year, China's rice exports decreased by 760000 tons compared with the same period last year, of which 680000 tons were reduced for Indonesia, Russia and Malaysia On the one hand, it is related to the trade policies and supply-demand relations of these countries, on the other hand, it is also due to the poor quality and low processing level of rice in China, which leads to the lack of international competitiveness of rice and the inability of the export market to maintain; cotton also has the same problems of poor quality and low processing level (2) some agricultural products have high production costs and lack of price advantages Due to the lack of large-scale operation, modern management and the constraints of seeds and other factors, many agricultural products in China have high production costs and lack of comparative advantages in price For example, although the export volume of edible oil has increased by 50% year on year, the export volume has decreased by 4% year on year; because of the lack of price advantage, soybean has changed China from the world's largest exporter to the largest importer (3) the problems of health and Quarantine have led to the poor export of China's livestock products However, due to the many problems in production, processing and health and quarantine, the export of livestock products is not smooth In the past, the EU, Russia and other countries have banned the import of livestock products from China This year, affected by the avian influenza in neighboring countries (regions), the export of poultry products from China to Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Macao has also been severely hit In addition, China's vegetable production also has advantages However, due to the high agricultural residues, there are many restrictions on the export to Europe, the United States, Taiwan Province and other places 4 The export system is not smooth, and the blind competition of domestic enterprises against the export is not conducive to China's current agricultural trade system, which can no longer meet the needs of the open market economy It will take time for Chinese farmers to adapt to the changes of domestic market economy, let alone to integrate with the international market This separation of production and trade not only causes the loss of farmers' interests, but also does not enable farmers to understand foreign market information, adjust the product structure in time, and produce products that meet the market demand In addition, blind competition among export enterprises also brings many problems to the export of agricultural products For example, this year Japan adopted "import restriction" measures on Chinese onion and mushroom The nominal reason is that China's export price is too low, which impacts its domestic market and tends to dump Although there is no dumping tendency in China, there is a fact that the price of the above-mentioned agricultural products exported by China to Japan keeps falling This is mainly caused by the competition between the export enterprises and the self price reduction Therefore, although the export volume to Japan increases rapidly, the growth rate of the export value is obviously backward, which makes our interests suffer losses 3 Suggestions on China's agricultural products export: China will enter WTO soon In terms of the current production and trade system of China's agricultural products, China's agricultural products export is facing challenges In order to realize the export-oriented transformation of China's agricultural products, we must first of all work from the top to the bottom of the products to develop the strengths and avoid the weaknesses For agricultural products with comparative advantages, such as vegetables, aquatic products and livestock products, we should establish large-scale production and processing bases, establish brand products and famous brand enterprises, establish perfect mechanisms from production, processing to packaging and health quarantine, improve the quality and deep processing degree of agricultural products, and increase the export value of agricultural products by reducing costs and increasing added value To attract, occupy and stabilize the market with quality and to meet the challenge of market competition Secondly, we need to change the system to make a channel for the export of agricultural products Since local governments may have little knowledge of national macro policies and international markets, the state can organize relevant departments to study the international market from a macro perspective, strengthen the research on China's export strategy of agricultural products, transmit information such as trade policies of international and domestic markets and impact analysis of China's accession to the WTO to local governments, help local enterprises to explore the international market, and change the current export market ratio In a more centralized situation, trade risks are dispersed; in local areas, farmers' production can be organized in various forms, such as cooperative organizations, leading enterprises, demonstration parks, etc., according to local conditions, to promote their participation in international competition There are many successful models in Shandong Province, such as Longda group, Jilong group, Qingdao vegetable high tech demonstration park, etc