Analysis of the design points of the airport terminal fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system

Shanghai Jiading 201801 of Ren Yunye Ankerui Electric Co.
, Ltd.
Foreword: analyzed the design points of the airport terminal emergency lighting and evacuation indication system after the implementation of GB51309-2018 "Technical Standards for Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Indication System" and the National Building Standard Design Atlas 19D702-7 "Emergency Lighting Design and Installation", including the selection of system type, the setting of ground evacuation direction signs, the selection of system voltage levels, the control of line voltage drop and the improvement of power supply reliability.
And combined with the requirements of relevant specifications and the actual situation of the specific project, after calculation, comparative demonstration, the corresponding solutions
are proposed.

Keywords: terminal; Fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system; Line voltage drop; Emergency lighting; Evacuation instructions; 1.
Introduction Due to the implementation of GB51309-2018 "Technical Standards for Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Indication System" and the National Building Standard Design Atlas 19D702-7 "Emergency Lighting Design and Installation", the emergency lighting design method of the original terminal has not met the requirements and needs to be re-designed
.

Fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system, as a necessary lighting and correct evacuation indication system for personnel evacuation and fire fighting and rescue operations, is a vital part of the fire emergency evacuation system, and it is necessary to pay great attention to it
.

This paper studies and analyzes the key points encountered in the design and construction of a domestic airport terminal, and proposes corresponding solutions
.

2.
At present, the fire emergency lighting system is divided into four types of systems: centralized power centralized control system, centralized power supply centralized control system, centralized power supply non-centralized control system, and non-centralized control system with power supply according to whether the fire emergency lighting system is centralized control and whether the lamp has its own battery
.

The system type
should be selected according to the requirements of the specification and the actual situation of the project.

According to GB51309-2018 "Technical Standards for Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Indication System" Article 3.
1.
2, paragraph 1, "the place where the fire control room is set up should choose a centralized control system"; GB51236-2017 "Civil Airport Terminal Design Fire Code" article 3.
4.
10, "two-storey, two-storey half-and multi-storey terminal evacuation lighting system should adopt centralized control type"
.

Therefore, large and medium-sized terminals use a centrally controlled fire emergency lighting system
.

The number of fire emergency lights and sign lights in the terminal is large, and the use of self-contained power supply type not only has excessive procurement costs and later maintenance costs, but also has some evacuation direction signs in the tall space for buried evacuation direction signs, and centralized power supply lamps
are used according to standard requirements.

Therefore, in order to cooperate with the buried evacuation direction sign lights and reduce the cost of engineering and maintenance, the terminal generally adopts a centralized power supply centralized control system
.

The block diagram of a centralized power centralized control system is shown in
Figure 1.

Figure 1 Controller selection: A-C-A100 centralized power supply selection: A-D-1KVA-A200L3.
The difficulty of setting the terminal emergency lighting and evacuation indication system lighting of the ground evacuation direction sign light is the choice of
the installation method of the evacuation direction sign light.

At present, the installation method of evacuation direction sign light mainly has the following 3 kinds: buried evacuation direction sign light, floor-standing evacuation direction sign light, wall-mounted evacuation direction sign light
.

For public buildings with high space and dense personnel such as terminals, if only wall-mounted evacuation direction sign lights are used like ordinary buildings, even if large or extra-large lamps are used, it is difficult to ensure that the "setting spacing of the lamps and lanterns is not more than 15m" of the evacuation direction sign lights
.

At present, most of the large and medium-sized airport terminals in operation in China use buried evacuation direction signs
.

However, the buried sign lights are generally 1 to 3mm above the ground, which will cause bumps in passengers' walking and luggage dragging, affecting the passenger experience
.

In the past, the ground evacuation direction sign light of the terminal was generally set to a distance of 5 to 10m, which was still barely acceptable
.

With the implementation of GB51309-2018 "Technical Standard for Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Indication System" and GB51348-2019 "Civil Building Electrical Design Standard", the setting spacing of lamps and lanterns should not be greater than 3m
.

This not only affects the passenger experience, but also brings that the lighting fixtures are too dense and affects the aesthetics of
the ground.

Therefore, the design of buried evacuation direction sign lights should be reconsidered
.

According to the Atlas 19D702-7 "Emergency Lighting Design and Installation" page 66 "Terminal (large space) lighting schematic", when the evacuation channel wall is conditionally installed with lamps, the wall installation method is preferred; When the wall does not have the conditions, the choice of landing installation method can reduce the number of
buried evacuation direction signs.

Ground evacuation indicator lamp selection: 4.
The choice of system voltage level GB51309-2018 "Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Indication System Technical Standards" Article 3.
3.
6 stipulates that the distribution loop current of A-type lamps is not more than 6A, and in the case that the current has been limited to no more than 6A, only by increasing the system voltage can it drive a greater load
.

At present, the more mature mainstream A-type lamp voltage levels on the market mainly include DC24V and DC36V, and the price difference between the two is not large
.

The load that can be carried by a circuit using DC24V luminaires should be less than 144W, while the load that can be carried by a circuit using DC36V luminaires may reach 216W
.

GB51309-2019 limits the requirements of A-type fire emergency lamps, which should be equal to or less than DC 36V, and the resulting problem is the line voltage drop Δu
.

Where: P——— line power; L——— line length; U——— nominal voltage; S——— line cross-section; ρθ——— the wire resistivity
at the operating temperature θ°C.

According to the above formula, to control the line voltage drop, you can start from reducing the load power and power supply length of the loop, improving the cross-section of the distribution cable and the system voltage, but reducing the load power and power supply length of the circuit will increase the number of loops, which will increase the number of components and the length of cables and protection pipes, thereby greatly increasing the cost of the project; Increasing the cross-section of the distribution cable will lead to a greater
increase in the engineering cost of the cable and the protection pipe.

The price difference between DC24V and DC36V lamps is not large, under the same conditions, the percentage of line voltage loss using DC36V luminaires is only 4/9
of the line voltage loss of DC24V luminaires.

In summary, in the absence of other special cases, DC36V luminaires
should be preferred.

A-type lamp selection: 5.
The control of line voltage drop and the improvement of power supply reliability GB51309-2019 require the working voltage of A-type fire emergency lamps to be no more than DC36V, and the voltage is greatly reduced directly leading to line voltage drop problems
.

There are 4 ways to control the voltage drop, and the supply voltage
of the luminaire should be preferentially increased.

At present, the domestic terminal generally adopts a centralized power supply centralized control system, and although the centralized power supply is relatively low in cost and easy to maintain, the reliability is worse than that of the built-in power supply system, when a certain circuit is damaged or the switch fails, resulting in all the lamps and lanterns on the entire line being powered off and lose their role
.

In order to improve the reliability of the power supply, the power failure range can be reduced by reducing the number of luminaires per circuit and increasing the number of loops
.

In addition, reducing the number of loop luminaires can also reduce the loop power and loop power supply length, cable cross-section, and greatly reduce the line voltage drop
by optimizing from three other aspects at the same time.

6.
At present, most of the terminal fire emergency lighting systems choose the centralized power supply centralized control type; For the choice of system voltage level, the original design was based on DC24V lamps, but with the implementation of the national standard GB51309-2018, in order to meet the requirements of the loop current is not more than 6A, as well as control the line voltage drop and increase the load power of the loop, DC36V luminaires will gradually become the mainstream of the market; In order to control the voltage drop of the line and improve the reliability of power supply, priority should be given to increasing the system voltage and reducing the number of
loop lamps.

The implementation of the Atlas 19D702-7 "Emergency Lighting Design and Installation" gave electrical designPersonnel a relatively clear guidance, after the completion of the fire emergency lighting design, the design should be the design drawings for fire performance analysis, through the establishment of a model to simulate the evacuation direction of the fire in the case of whether the lamp installation position is eye-catching, the direction of the indication is clear and clear, the illumination of the lamp is sufficient and other conditions and submit the analysis report to the relevant review and review before implementation
.

【Reference】[1] Technical standard for fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system:GB51309-2018[S].
[2] China Building Standards Design & Research Institute 19D7027 Emergency Lighting Design and InstallationM.
Beijing: China Planning Publishing House 2019.
[3] Building Design Fire Code (2018 Edition) GB500162014[][4] Civil Airport Terminal Design Fire Code: GB51236-2017S][5] Civil Building Electrical Design Standard: GB51348-2019[S][6] Zhang Wenhui GB51309-2018 "Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Indication System Technical Standards" Interpretation[J].
Modern Building Electrical, 202011(12):67-72.
About author:Ren Yunye, male, is currently working at Acquaray Electric Co.
, Ltd.
, product manager, mainly responsible for the research and development and application
of emergency lighting and evacuation indication systems.