Analysis of current situation of feed industry (4.7)

The basic situation of feed industry 37k feed industry is the foundation of animal husbandry China's feed industry began in the middle and late 1970s, and flourished in the mid-1980s Although it started late, it developed rapidly, with an average annual growth rate of 25% After just over 20 years of hard work, from scratch, from small to large, it has gone through the course that many developed countries have only completed in decades Feed industry has become one of the important pillar industries in China's industrial system, and has become the second largest feed production country in the world According to statistics, by the end of 1997, the output value of China's feed industry had reached 126.1 billion yuan, ranking the top 20 in the domestic industry The annual production capacity of double shift reached 107.69 million tons, the total output of compound feed reached 55 million tons, the output of concentrated feed reached 7.01 million tons, and the output of feed additive products reached 1.25 million tons There are 11301 feed industry enterprises in China, including 1567 large and medium-sized feed enterprises with a production capacity of more than 5 tons per hour, which is an indispensable part of the national economy The development of feed industry has promoted the optimal allocation of resources and saved a lot of food It has made contribution to solving the problem that the per capita cultivated land is decreasing year by year, the population is increasing, the people's animal food is increasing day by day, the food basket is enriched, the people's diet structure is improved, the price level is stabilized, the rural economy is active, and the people's living standard and health level are improved The development of feed industry promotes the high-speed growth of animal husbandry and animal husbandry under the condition of low-speed growth of grain output 37k according to the medium and long-term development plan of China's feed industry from 1996 to 2020, by 2000, the annual double shift production capacity of China's feed and mixed feed will reach 100 million tons, and the output of mixed feed will reach 7000-7500 Ten thousand tons, feed product quality and feed conversion rate of large-scale breeding industry have been steadily improved Therefore, in the next few years, feed industry will still develop at a high speed, and feed product quality will be improved to a new level 37k 　　 In recent years, with the deepening of the economic system reform, the planned economic system has gradually changed to the market economic system, the original preferential policies enjoyed by the feed industry have been gradually lost, the original target of low price grain has been cancelled, the prices of raw materials have been rising, and the prices of livestock and poultry products are low, which have brought many difficulties to the development of China's feed industry, while the enterprise reform and institutional adjustment Whole, take the market as the guidance, through the market mechanism union reorganization, establishes the competitive enterprise group, has brought the new vigor for the feed industry development 37k II Quality of feed industry 37k In order to further implement the law of the people's Republic of China on domestic quality and the just need for quality revitalization, standardize the production enterprises of feed products, guarantee the stable and healthy development of feed industry and animal husbandry, and realize the development goals of feed output and product quality in the medium and long-term development plan of feed industry in China, the State Bureau of quality and technical supervision and the Ministry of agriculture have always attached great importance to feed The supervision and management of product quality has organized many times of national supervision and spot check and national unified supervision and inspection of feed and feed additive products, which has improved the quality of feed products year by year and played a guarantee and promotion role in promoting the healthy development of feed industry In the first national supervision and spot check on the quality of compound feed products organized by the State Bureau of quality and technical supervision in 1987, the qualified rate of sampling was only 20%, of which the qualified rate of pig compound feed was 0%, and the qualified rate of chicken compound feed was 32.1% Since then, the quality of feed products has been improved year by year, and the qualified rate of compound feed products was 75.6 in 1993 %Among them, the qualified rate of pig compound feed was 73.3%, and that of chicken compound feed was 76.7% In 1996, the first national supervision and random inspection was carried out on duck compound feed, and the qualified rate of sampling was 71.2% In 1990, the State Bureau of quality and technical supervision organized the first nationwide unified supervision and inspection on the quality of pig and chicken compound feed products 3927 batches of samples were selected for the unified inspection of compound feed products, with the sampling qualification rate of 59.7%, including 50.7% for pig compound feed and 68.9% for chicken compound feed; 1995 In, the State Bureau of quality and technical supervision and the Ministry of agriculture also organized the national unified inspection of feed additives, and 935 batches of feed additive samples were selected for the unified inspection, with a qualified rate of 77.5% 37k in 1998, the State Bureau of quality and technical supervision and the Ministry of agriculture conducted the third national unified supervision and inspection on the quality of compound feed products 1325 batches of samples were selected for the unified inspection of compound feed products, 1188 of which were qualified, with a sampling qualification rate of 89.7%, including 89.8% for pig, 89.1% for chicken, and 88.9% for duck % These supervision and inspection can basically reflect the quality of feed and feed additive products It can be seen from the above results that a series of supervision and management measures taken by the state to strengthen and promote the quality of feed products have achieved obvious results, and the quality of feed products has been raised to a new level The importance of 37k feed industry in national economy and its huge market provide a stage for feed quality inspection At present, the national feed monitoring system has begun to take shape, with two national feed quality inspection centers, two ministerial feed quality inspection centers, six ministerial feed quality inspection centers, 36 provincial feed supervision institutions, 40 markets and 200 local and county feed quality inspection stations A feed inspection network, which is led by the national feed supervision and inspection center, supported by the ministry level center and the provincial feed Supervision Institute, and based on the prefectural, municipal and county-level quality inspection stations, has been initially formed, and the national feed quality monitoring information network was established in 1995 At present, the system has more than 100 large-scale precision analytical instruments, such as high-pressure liquid chromatograph, gas chromatograph, GC-MS, amino acid analyzer, near-infrared analyzer, atomic absorption and UV spectrophotometer, and more than 400 conventional feed quality analysis equipment, which can support 80% of vitamins, amino acids, trace elements, fatty acids, mycotoxins, etc Detection of multiple nutrients and chemical components It provides a material basis for the supervision of feed quality It has played a major role in the sampling inspection, unified inspection, new product registration inspection, foreign import product registration inspection and dispute product arbitration inspection of feed and feed products by the state and ministry 37k 3 The main problems in feed industry and their causes 37k 1 The standardization system of feed industry is not perfect 37k 1.1 the main problems in the national and industrial standards of feed industry: 37k 1 The aging of standards Most of the current standards were established in the 1980s Although some of them were named as the year of the 1990s, most of them were drafted many years ago, or the old standards were reissued after they were replaced with the national recommended standards Especially the feed product standard is seriously aging For example, at present, only the crude protein index is considered in the compound feed product, but the balance of amino acids is not considered With the rapid development of feed industry, these old standards have not adapted to the new situation and can not catch up with the change of feeding nutrition index 37k second, the existing standards are not matched Some contents in some standards indicate that a certain standard is quoted, but actually there is no such content in the quoted standards Such standards account for a considerable proportion For example, although a considerable part of the standards are quoted in the feed hygiene standards, there is no reference allowance in the feed hygiene standards After one or two hundred years of efforts, foreign developed countries not only have complete legislation, In 1996, AOAC issued more than 210 analytical methods related to animal feed, and the international organization for Standardization (ISO), the food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Health Organization (who) and some advanced countries also issued many similar standards or recommended methods However, there is a considerable gap between China's feed monitoring technology and foreign advanced countries China plans to formulate 800 standards for feed As of 1998, 227 national and industrial standards for feed raw materials, feed products and feed additives have been published, including 44 standards for testing methods, 7 basic standards, 43 raw materials standards, 18 product standards, 39 additive standards, 4 feeding standards and 72 feed machinery standards 16 health standard methods involving animal and human health were established The national standards of monitoring methods only account for 35% of the items to be tested, and the quantity of the established feed standards is far from meeting the needs of feed industry quality monitoring Some high-tech products are preparing or have entered the feed market, but lack of accurate and effective monitoring technology, such as enzyme preparations, amino acids or protein metal chelates, various antibiotics, growth promoters, etc The latest research results in the field of analysis, such as atomic absorption spectrometry, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, should be accepted and adopted in time It is imperative for China to resume its status as a Contracting Party of GATT We must be ready to accept the impact of "re-entry" and the challenge of feed entering the international market after "re-entry" 37k third, the level of science and technology is low, so we need to strengthen investment in science and technology Although the country has given greater support to the development of feed industry and the annual output has stepped into the forefront of the world, the investment in scientific research funds of feed industry is less During the period from the sixth five year plan to the ninth five year plan, the total investment is estimated to be 120 million yuan, of which the research investment in feed quality monitoring technology is estimated to be about 5 million yuan, only 4.17% of the total investment in feed industry This is not commensurate with the high annual growth rate of about 20% of China's total compound feed output in the past 17 years (1980-1997) Compound feed is the final product of feed industry, its meaning requires its nutrition to be comprehensive and balanced Not only does it require a proper amount of regular nutrients, but more importantly, it requires that it can provide all kinds of trace elements such as amino acids, vitamins and trace elements The addition and matching of these micro components are exactly the essence and technological content of the formulated feed However, there is no regulation on amino acids, vitamins, microelements and other microelements in the current standard of compound feed In order to promote the development of feed industry, it is necessary to strengthen the input of basic research and product testing technology, and speed up the formulation of new scientific feed industry standard system according to the new situation of feed industry development 37k1.2 the enterprise standard level is relatively low 37k with the reform of the standardization system, most of the original national standards have been adjusted to recommended national standards, and a new standardization system focusing on enterprise standards has been gradually established However, due to the low level of science and technology of the enterprise itself, the ability and level of formulating standards are not high Some enterprises take advantage of the opportunity of the transition of standardization to formulate some low-level enterprise standards, which legitimize the production of inferior products and lead to the phenomenon that the qualified products do not meet the national standards It is mainly reflected in the following aspects: 37k first, the indicators in the standard are incomplete, which can not fully reflect the functional characteristics of the product Take concentrated feed as an example, National