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▎One of the typical pathological features of Alzheimer's disease is the abnormal accumulation and spread of tau protein in the brain.
Recently, a study published in Nature Medicine revealed four different diffusion modes of tau protein, which lead to different symptoms and prognosis of patients.
Screenshot source: Nature Medicine official website In the past thirty years, many researchers have used a single model to describe the development of tau protein in Alzheimer's disease, but cases that do not conform to the single model have repeatedly appeared.
In recent years, with the help of advanced PET medical imaging technology, researchers have been able to monitor the accumulation of toxic proteins in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
The results of this latest study explain why different patients may have different symptoms.
The research was completed in collaboration with research centers in Sweden, Canada, the United States, and South Korea.
Researchers used tau-PET to examine a large number of people, covering all clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease.
Participants include people who have not yet developed any symptoms (pre-symptomatic Alzheimer's), people who have mild memory impairment, and people who have fully developed Alzheimer's disease.
According to the research team’s press release, this is the “largest and most diverse group of people in the world so far” for this research topic.
The researchers collected long-term data from 1,612 individuals in 5 independent multicenter studies.
Among them, the researchers identified a total of 1143 people with normal cognitive function or suffering from Alzheimer's disease at various stages.
The research team used an algorithm called SuStaIn (subtype and staging inference) to classify tau-PET image data from 1,143 individuals.
Then, the research team used tau-PET images from the sixth independent cohort to cross-validate and followed up these individuals for about two years.
Based on this information, the researchers developed the four most representative tau protein development models.
Although the number of people in each subgroup is different, these four categories cover all individuals.
Image source: 123RF subtype 1: tau protein mainly diffuses in the temporal lobe and mainly affects memory.
In all cases, the probability of subtype one appears is 33%.
Subtype 2: In contrast to subtype 1, the tau protein of this subtype spreads in the rest of the cerebral cortex.
Patients have fewer memory problems than the first subtype, but are more difficult in executive function (poor execution of thoughts and actions).
In all cases, subtype 2 accounted for 18%.
Subtype 3: The accumulation of tau protein occurs in the visual cortex, which is the part of the brain that processes and classifies information from the optic nerve.
The visual spatial processing of sensory impressions in the brain of such patients will be affected.
It is difficult for them to accurately judge where they are, and it is also difficult for them to distinguish the shape, outline, distance, position change of the object, and the position of the object relative to other objects.
In all cases, 30% belong to subtype three.
Subtype 4: Tau protein diffuses asymmetrically in the left hemisphere, which mainly affects the individual's language ability.
Of all cases, 19% belong to subtype four.
The leader of the study, Lund University (Lund University) neurology professor Oskar Hansson said: "We have identified four clear pathological patterns of tau protein.
Over time, the development of tau protein has become completely different.
This The 4 subgroups account for 18% to 30% of all Alzheimer’s disease patients, which means that all these Alzheimer’s disease subtypes are quite common, and none of them Dominant.
"Professor Oskar Hansson continued: "The existing large tau-PET database and newly developed machine learning methods that can be applied to large amounts of data make it possible for us to discover these four subtypes of Alzheimer's disease.
However, we need to conduct a longer follow-up study within 5 to 10 years in order to be able to more accurately confirm these four patterns.
"
The lead author of the study, Dr.
Jacob Vo-gel of McGill University (McGill University) said: "These findings indicate that the tau protein in the brain changes according to at least four distinct patterns.
This will indicate that Alzheimer's disease is a more heterogeneous disease.
We now have reason to re-evaluate the concept of typical Alzheimer's disease, and in the long run, we should also re-examine the methods we use to assess disease progression.
Professor Oskar Hansson added: “This is also very important for doctors.
We need to think about whether these four subtypes may respond differently to different treatments.
At present, research on various drugs to reduce the amount of tau protein in the brain is very active.
It is very meaningful to observe whether the efficacy of drugs varies with different subtypes, and can bring more personalized treatment methods to patients. "Recommended reading is for patients with Alzheimer's disease and also a neurologist: How can he get rid of fear and delay the disease? Change these 12 points as soon as possible, 40% of dementia can be prevented! The latest report of The Lancet recommends comprehensive prevention and treatment JAMA: Offset the genetic risk of dementia! Healthy living can prevent 1/3 of high-risk cases.
Why do women get more thyroid disease? JAMA details the physiological changes in women’s life affect the AHA scientific statement: Focus on people under 40! Blood pressure is only one high A little bit, these people should also take medicine.
References: [1] Vogel, JW, Young, AL, Oxtoby, NP et al.
Four distinct trajectories of tau deposition identified in Alzheimer's disease.
Nat Med (2021).
https://doi .
org/10.
1038/s41591-021-01309-6[2] Alzheimer's disease is composed of four distinct subtypes.
Retrieved 29-APR-2021, from adi042921.
php.
Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical and health research and is not a recommendation
for treatment plans .
If you need guidance on treatment plans, please go to a regular hospital for treatment.
Recently, a study published in Nature Medicine revealed four different diffusion modes of tau protein, which lead to different symptoms and prognosis of patients.
Screenshot source: Nature Medicine official website In the past thirty years, many researchers have used a single model to describe the development of tau protein in Alzheimer's disease, but cases that do not conform to the single model have repeatedly appeared.
In recent years, with the help of advanced PET medical imaging technology, researchers have been able to monitor the accumulation of toxic proteins in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
The results of this latest study explain why different patients may have different symptoms.
The research was completed in collaboration with research centers in Sweden, Canada, the United States, and South Korea.
Researchers used tau-PET to examine a large number of people, covering all clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease.
Participants include people who have not yet developed any symptoms (pre-symptomatic Alzheimer's), people who have mild memory impairment, and people who have fully developed Alzheimer's disease.
According to the research team’s press release, this is the “largest and most diverse group of people in the world so far” for this research topic.
The researchers collected long-term data from 1,612 individuals in 5 independent multicenter studies.
Among them, the researchers identified a total of 1143 people with normal cognitive function or suffering from Alzheimer's disease at various stages.
The research team used an algorithm called SuStaIn (subtype and staging inference) to classify tau-PET image data from 1,143 individuals.
Then, the research team used tau-PET images from the sixth independent cohort to cross-validate and followed up these individuals for about two years.
Based on this information, the researchers developed the four most representative tau protein development models.
Although the number of people in each subgroup is different, these four categories cover all individuals.
Image source: 123RF subtype 1: tau protein mainly diffuses in the temporal lobe and mainly affects memory.
In all cases, the probability of subtype one appears is 33%.
Subtype 2: In contrast to subtype 1, the tau protein of this subtype spreads in the rest of the cerebral cortex.
Patients have fewer memory problems than the first subtype, but are more difficult in executive function (poor execution of thoughts and actions).
In all cases, subtype 2 accounted for 18%.
Subtype 3: The accumulation of tau protein occurs in the visual cortex, which is the part of the brain that processes and classifies information from the optic nerve.
The visual spatial processing of sensory impressions in the brain of such patients will be affected.
It is difficult for them to accurately judge where they are, and it is also difficult for them to distinguish the shape, outline, distance, position change of the object, and the position of the object relative to other objects.
In all cases, 30% belong to subtype three.
Subtype 4: Tau protein diffuses asymmetrically in the left hemisphere, which mainly affects the individual's language ability.
Of all cases, 19% belong to subtype four.
The leader of the study, Lund University (Lund University) neurology professor Oskar Hansson said: "We have identified four clear pathological patterns of tau protein.
Over time, the development of tau protein has become completely different.
This The 4 subgroups account for 18% to 30% of all Alzheimer’s disease patients, which means that all these Alzheimer’s disease subtypes are quite common, and none of them Dominant.
"Professor Oskar Hansson continued: "The existing large tau-PET database and newly developed machine learning methods that can be applied to large amounts of data make it possible for us to discover these four subtypes of Alzheimer's disease.
However, we need to conduct a longer follow-up study within 5 to 10 years in order to be able to more accurately confirm these four patterns.
"
The lead author of the study, Dr.
Jacob Vo-gel of McGill University (McGill University) said: "These findings indicate that the tau protein in the brain changes according to at least four distinct patterns.
This will indicate that Alzheimer's disease is a more heterogeneous disease.
We now have reason to re-evaluate the concept of typical Alzheimer's disease, and in the long run, we should also re-examine the methods we use to assess disease progression.
Professor Oskar Hansson added: “This is also very important for doctors.
We need to think about whether these four subtypes may respond differently to different treatments.
At present, research on various drugs to reduce the amount of tau protein in the brain is very active.
It is very meaningful to observe whether the efficacy of drugs varies with different subtypes, and can bring more personalized treatment methods to patients. "Recommended reading is for patients with Alzheimer's disease and also a neurologist: How can he get rid of fear and delay the disease? Change these 12 points as soon as possible, 40% of dementia can be prevented! The latest report of The Lancet recommends comprehensive prevention and treatment JAMA: Offset the genetic risk of dementia! Healthy living can prevent 1/3 of high-risk cases.
Why do women get more thyroid disease? JAMA details the physiological changes in women’s life affect the AHA scientific statement: Focus on people under 40! Blood pressure is only one high A little bit, these people should also take medicine.
References: [1] Vogel, JW, Young, AL, Oxtoby, NP et al.
Four distinct trajectories of tau deposition identified in Alzheimer's disease.
Nat Med (2021).
https://doi .
org/10.
1038/s41591-021-01309-6[2] Alzheimer's disease is composed of four distinct subtypes.
Retrieved 29-APR-2021, from adi042921.
php.
Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical and health research and is not a recommendation
for treatment plans .
If you need guidance on treatment plans, please go to a regular hospital for treatment.
